What can be determined?

Human Commingling Age Sex Pathology Stature Time since death

Age Determination

epiphyseal closure dental eruption and wear suture closure bone size and maturity degenerative features pubic symphysis rib end lipping auricular surface morphology Kerley’s osteon method

Sex Determination

overall robusticity brow ridges mastoid process nuchal crest mandibular robusticity and flaring (gonial eversion) auricular surface elevation pubic ramus symphyseal block sciatic notch acetabulum femur/humerus head diameter preauricular sulcus sacrum shape degree of bone loss

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