The luminous sources at the centers of many galaxies may be the accreting supermassive black holes of active galactic nuclei or intense concentrations of star formation, and these two phenomena are often related to each other. When the energetic sources are hidden from direct view, identifying them and quantifying their properties are difficult but remain important to understand the evolution of galaxies generally. I will discuss techniques used to uncover the buried sources and to survey their environments, emphasizing observations at infrared and X-ray wavelengths. In most cases, the data can be used to recover the intrinsic luminosity, even when the energetic source is buried under large optical depth, large covering fraction, or both.