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Freimann Life Science Center can be contacted at :
e-mail: ndflsc.ndflsc.1@nd.edu
phone:  574-631-6085
FAX : 574-631-4519
Last Updated 10/30/09

February 2002        "Too much candy, too much kissing."
Date               Word                     Definition
2/1/2002       uticaria                Hives; a skin eruption of reddish wheals associated with intense itching
2/4/2002       erythemia             Diffuse redness of the skin
2/5/2002       papule                 Pimple
2/6/2002       gangrene              A form of necrosis (death) or putrification (rotting) of tissue
2/7/2002       exacerbation       Aggravation of symptoms
2/8/2002       frenulum               Fold of membrane connecting the inner surface of the lips at the midline to the lip
2/11/2002     xerostomia          Dryness of the mouth
2/12/2002     uvula                    Small cone shaped downward projection from the free edge of the soft palate
2/13/2002     alopecia              Loss of hair; baldness
2/14/2002     mastication           The process of chewing food
2/15/2002     deglutition           The act of swallowing
2/18/2002     pyrosis                 Heartburn caused by reflux of stomach acid into the esophagus
2/19/2002     tonsil                   A collection of lymphatic tissue in the walls of the pharynx
2/20/2002     glossitis                Inflammation of the tongue
2/21/2002     halitosis              Offensive breath odor
2/22/2002     chilitis                   Inflammation of the lips
2/25/2002     ECG                    Electrocardiogram; a record of electrical current originating in  heart muscle
2/26/2002     glycosuria             Presence of sugar in the urine
2/27/2002     hyperglycemia    Excessive sugar concentration in the blood
2/28/2002     gingivitis                Inflammation of the gums
 

March 2002            "Where exactly on the body is it?"
Date                 Word           Definition
3/1/2002         deep             Away from the surface
3/4/2002         distal             Away from the center
3/5/2002         caudal          Away from the head
3/6/2002         inferior          Situated below another structure
3/7/2002         lateral          Toward the side
3/8/2002         medial           Toward the middle
3/11/2002       dorsal           Toward the spine (back of the body)
3/12/2002       ventral           Toward the sternum (front of the body)
3/13/2002       proximal       Toward the beginning of a structure
3/14/2002       superficial       Near the surface
3/15/2002       cephalic         Toward the head
3/18/2002       anterior           Toward the head
3/19/2002       posterior       Toward the tail
3/20/2002       plantar           On the walking surface of the posterior feet
3/21/2002       palmar           On the walking surface of the anterior feet
3/22/2002       superior         Situated above another structure
3/25/2002       efferent          Conducting away from a structure
3/26/2002       rostral            Toward the nose
3/27/2002       central           Toward the center
3/28/2002       intermediate   Between medial and lateral
3/29/2002       distal              Toward the end of a structure
 

April 2002        "The leg bone is connected to the..."
Date                Word                 Definition
4/1/2002         skull                  Composed of several bones to protect the brain
4/2/2002         mandible            Movable lower jaw bone
4/3/2002         maxilla              Stationary upper jaw bone
4/4/2002         frontal bone        Bone of the skull above the eyes
4/5/2002         parietal bone    Bone of the skull connects to frontal,occipital, and temporal bones
4/8/2002         vertebra             Small bones that form the spine
4/9/2002         nasal bone        Extends from the frontal bones to the nose tip and has a cartilege cap
4/10/2002       clavicle               Collar bone that connects the shoulder joint and the top of the sturnum
4/11/2002       sternum            A long flat bone over the heart that connects to the ribs
4/12/2002       scapula              Shoulder blade connects to the clavicle and humerus to form the shoulder joint
4/15/2002       humerus           Long bone of the upper forelimb
4/16/2002       ribs                    Multiple flat paired bones forming a cage for the heart and lungs
4/17/2002       radius                Larger bone of the lower forelimb
4/18/2002       ulna                    Smaller bone of the lower forelimb
4/19/2002       carpals              Small bones that form the wrist
4/22/2002       metacarpals        Long bones that attach between the wrist and digits
4/23/2002       phalanges         Small bones that comprise the digit
4/24/2002       femur                  Long bone of the upper hindlimb
4/25/2002       tibia                   Larger bone of the lower hindlimb
4/26/2002       fibula                  Smaller bone of the lower hindlimb
4/29/2002       patella               Knee cap, a small bone located on the anterior surface of the knee joint
4/30/2002       calcaneus            Heel

May 2002        "I think it's broken."
Date                Word                Definition
5/1/2002         fracture              A break in a bone
5/2/2002         greenstick          Fracture in which on side of the bone is broken, the other side is bent
5/3/2002         spiral                 A fracture caused by twisting apart of the bone
5/6/2002         transverse          A fracture at right angles of the axis of the bone
5/7/2002         comminuted       A fracture where the bone is crushed or splintered into multiple pieces
5/8/2002         compound         A fracture where bone punctures through the skin
5/9/2002         capillary             A fracture that appears on x-ray as a hairline without separation of the bone
5/10/2002       simple                A fracture that does not penetrate through the skin
5/13/2002       multiple              Fracture lines on a single bone where the lines are not connected
5/14/2002       pathologic          A fracture arising from a mild injury due to preexisting tumor, cyst, infection
5/15/2002       en coin               A V-shaped fracture
5/16/2002       epiphysial           Fracture at the point of union of the epiphysis and the shaft of the bone
5/17/2002       longitudinal         A break in a bone extending lengthwise
5/20/2002       impacted            Fracture where one fragment is firmly driven into the other
5/21/2002       complicated        A fracture with injury to adjacent structures
5/22/2002       stellate                A fracture with fissures radiating from the central point of injury
5/23/2002       trophic                A fracture caused by nutritional deficiencies
5/24/2002       resecting             A fracture in which a piece of bone is removed by violence
5/27/2002       congenital           A fracture of a fetal bone in utrero
5/28/2002       articular              A fracture on the joint surface of a bone
5/29/2002       bending              An indirect fracture caused by bending of a limb
5/30/2002       loose                 A fracture where both ends of the bone have free play
5/31/2002       ping-pong          An indented fracture of the skull
 

June 2002        "Take a deep breath and hold it."
Date                    Word               Definition
6/3/2002            nares                   Openings in the nose for passage of air in & out
6/4/2002            nasal sinus           Mucosa- lined air cavities in the crainal bones which communicates with the
                                                    nasal cavity
6/5/2002            turbinates            Small bones shaped like a toy top located in the sinuses
6/6/2002            epistaxis              Nose bleed
6/7/2002            pharynx              The musculomembranous sac between the mouth, nares and esophagus.
6/10/2002          larynx                  The essential sphincter guarding the entrance to the trachea, secondarily the
                                                     organ of voice
6/11/2002          epiglottis              A cartileginous structure over the larynx prevents food from entering the larynx
                                                      and trachea
6/12/2002          trachea                A tube made of cartilaginous rings leading from the larynx and branching to form
                                                     the bronchi
6/13/2002          bronchus             Plural- bronchi, any of the larger air passages of the lungs
6/14/2002          bronchiole           A finer branch of the bronchial tree less than 1mm in diameter
6/17/2002          lung                     The organ of respiration, paired organs that effect the aeration of the blood
6/18/2002          alveolus               Small outpouching of the walls of alveolar sacs through which gas exchange
                                                     takes place.
6/19/2002          atelectasis            A condition of collapse of a lung
6/20/2002          diaphragm           The muscle separating the thoracic and the abdominal cavities
6/21/2002          inspiration            The act of drawing air into the lungs
6/24/2002          expiration             The act of expelling air from the lungs
6/25/2002          ausculation          Listening to the sounds of the body esp. heart and lungs
6/26/2002          sternutation          The act of sneezing
6/27/2002          dyspnea               Difficult breathing
6/28/2002          cyanosis               A blue tint to the skin/mucus membranes due to deficient oxygenation of the blood

July 2002        "I have an animal that has..."
Date                    Word                    Definition
7/1/2002           nystagmus             Involuntary rapid movement of the eyeballs
7/2/2002           hypothermia          Low body temperature
7/3/2002           lacrimation             The secretion and discharge of tears
7/5/2002           blepharitis              Inflammation of the eyelids
7/8/2002           conjunctivitis          Inflammation of the conjunctiva
7/9/2002           photophobia          Abnormal visual intolerance to light
7/10/2002         hyperesthesia         Abnormal increased sensitivity of the skin
7/11/2002         comatose               Being in a state of unconsciousness
7/12/2002         lethargy                  A condition of drowsiness ot indifference
7/15/2002         anorexia                 Lack or loss of appetite for food
7/16/2002         incontinence           Inability to control excretory functions of bladder and/or bowels
7/17/2002         alopecia                 Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present
7/18/2002         exania                    Prolapse of the rectum
7/19/2002         pruritis                   Itching
7/22/2002         ascites                    Accumulation of serous fluid in the abdominal cavity
7/23/2002         prolapse                The falling down or sinking of a part, protrusion through an opening
7/24/2002         excoriation             Superficial loss of skin such as that caused by excessive scratching
7/25/2002         rales                       Abnormal respiratory sound indicating a pathologic condition
7/26/2002         torticollis                Contracted neck muscles producing twisting of the neck and abnormal head
                                                       position
7/29/2002         erythema                Redness of the skin caused by congestion of the capillaries
7/30/2002         icteric                     Affected with jaundice
7/31/2002         petechia                  A pinpoint purplish spot caused by intradermal or submucus hemorrhage

August 2002        "I need to measure..."
Date
8/1/2002         hygrometer              An instrument for measuring the moisture in the atmosphere
8/2/2002         thermometer            An instrument for determining temperature
8/5/2002         calorimeter              An instrument for measuring the amount of heat exchanged in a system
8/6/2002         tactometer               An instrument for measuring the acuteness of the sense of touch
8/7/2002         hydrometer              An instrument for determining the specific gravities of a fluid
8/8/2002         refractometer           An instrument for determining the indexes of refraction of various substances
8/9/2002         cardiometer             An instrument used in estimating the power of the heart's action
8/12/2002       konometer               An apparatus for counting the number of dust particles in the air
8/13/2002       acoumeter               An instrument for use in testing accuracy of the hearing
8/14/2002       manometer               An instrument to measure the pressure or tention of a liquid or gas
8/15/2002       spectrometer            An instrument that measures the wavelength of rays of a spectrum
8/16/2002       hemocytometer         A device for counting blood cells
8/19/2002       anemometer              An instrument for measuring wind speed
8/20/2002       aerometer                 An instrument for estimating the density of air
8/21/2002       gasometer                 A calibrated container for measuring volume of gases
8/22/2002       dosimeter                  An instrument to measure exposure to radiation
8/23/2002       oximeter                    A photoelectric device for determining the oxygen saturation of the blood
8/26/2002       hemoglobinometer     An instrument used to determine the amount of hemoglobin in the blood
8/27/2002       bdellometer               An mechanical substitute for a leech
8/28/2002       aggregometer            An instrument that detects changes in optical density of a solution caused by
                                                        clustering
8/29/2002       glucometer                A device used to determine the amount of glucose in the blood
8/30/2002       photometer               A device for measuring the intensity of light
 

September 2002        "Everything you wanted to know but were afraid to ask.."
Date                    Word                    Definition
9/4/2002            pheromone          A substance secreted, perceived by smell causing specific behavior in
                                                     one of the same species
9/5/2002            Whitten Effect     A synchronization of estrus among female mice housed together  due to
                                                     phermones
9/6/2002            copulation           Sexual union between male and female
9/9/2002            Bruce Effect        A reabsorption or abortion by the female when the sire of the litter is
                                                     replaced by another male
9/10/2002          conception          The penetration of the ovum by the sperm
9/11/2002          gravid                  Pregnant
9/12/2002          gestation              The time from conception to birth
9/13/2002          dystocia               Difficult labor or birth
9/16/2002          eclampsia            Condition of pregnancy  often linked to imbalance of Ca+ levels
9/17/2002          parturition           The process of giving birth
9/18/2002          placenta              Organ of mammals during pregnangy joining mother and offspring
9/19/2002          umbilicus             A small scar marking the attachment of the umbilical cord in the fetus
9/20/2002          post-partum        The time after the birth - refers to the female
9/23/2002          colostrum            Mammary secretion of fluid predominantly immunoglobulins and minerals
9/24/2002          lactation              The secretion of milk from mammary glands
9/25/2002          vasectomy          Surgical removal or severing of the vas deferens to induce infertility
9/26/2002          castration            Surgical removal of the gonads to prevent reproduction
9/27/2002          hysterectomy       Surgical removal of the uterus
9/30/2002          ovariectomy       Surgical removal of the ovaries

October 2002        "They sound like they should be tumors - but they're not."
Date                    Word                    Definition
10/1/2002         stercoroma          A large accumulation of fecal matter forming a tumor-like mass in the
                                                    rectum
10/2/2002         hematoma           A localized collection of blood in an organ, space or tissue due to a break
                                                    in a blood vessel
10/3/2002         microsoma          Of very short stature but not a dwarf
10/4/2002         luteoma               Nodular hyperplasia of ovarian lutein cells during the last trimester of
                                                    pregnancy
10/7/2002         cholesteatoma     A cyst like mass with a lining of squamous epithelial cells containing debris
                                                    including cholesterol
10/8/2002         scotoma              An area of depressed vision within the visual field surrounded by an area
                                                    of normal vision
10/9/2002         stomatonoma       A gangrene of the oral tissues and face
10/10/2002       mesosoma           Of medium stature
10/11/2002       soma                   The body as distinguished from the mind, the cell body
10/14/2002       coma                   A state of unconsciousness from which the patient cannot be aroused
10/15/2002       blastroma             The part of the egg which takes an active part in dividing and forming the
                                                     blastoderm
10/16/2002       noma                   Gangrene processes of the mouth or genitals
10/17/2002       rhacoma              A pendulous scrotum
10/18/2002       keratoleukoma     A white opacity of the cornea
10/21/2002       glaucoma             A group of eye diseases characterized by increased intraocular pressure
10/22/2002       leukocytoma        A tumor like mass of white blood cells
10/23/2002       malacoma            A morbidly soft spot or part
10/24/2002       stroma                  The supporting tissue or matrix of an organ
10/25/2002       megasoma            Of great size and stature but not a giant
 

November 2002    "Let's talk about tumors"
Date                    Word                    Definition
11/1/2002        neoplasm                New and uncontrolled multiplication of cells that is progressive and
                                                      abnormal
11/4/2002        benign                    Not recurrent and favorable for recovery
11/5/2002        malignant                To become progressively worse and resulting in death
11/6/2002        cancer                    A cellular tumor which is fatal
11/7/2002        tumor                     Neoplasm
11/8/2002        carcinoma              A malignant growth made of epithelial cells
11/11/2002      sarcoma                 A tumor made up of cells that resemble embryonic connective tissue,
                                                      often highly malignant
11/12/2002      fibrosarcoma          A sarcoma derived from fibroblasts that produce collagen
11/13/2002      lipoma                    A benign tumor composed of fat cells
11/14/2002      osteoma                 A tumor composed of bone cells
11/15/2002      adenoma                A benign tumor derived from glandular epithelium
11/18/2002      adenocarcinoma     A malignant tumor derived from glandular tissue
11/19/2002      hemangioma           A benign tumor made up of newly formed blood vessels
11/20/2002      lymphoma              A tumor arising from lymphatic tissue
11/25/2002      hepatoma               A tumor of the liver
11/26/2002      melanoma               A tumor made up of melanin-pigmented cells
11/27/2002      myeloma                 A tumor composed of cell types normally seen in bone marrow
11/28/2002      fibroma                   A benign tumor composed of fibroblasts or fibrocytes
11/29/2002      glioma                     A group of intracranial tumors composed of glial tissues

December  2002        "I'm not crazy I'm just a little..."
Date                 Word                  Definition
12/2/2002         anamnesis           The faculty of memory
12/3/2002         amnesia               Lack or loss of memory
12/4/2002         dementia             A general designation for mental deterioration
12/5/2002         aphronia              Deficiency in mental discernment
12/6/2002         psychosis             A general term for any major mental disorder
12/9/2002         hallucination         A sense of perception without a source in the external world
12/10/2002       delusion               A false belief which cannot be corrected by reason
12/11/2002       paranoia              A disorder where ambitions or suspicions turn into delusions of
                                                    persecution or grandeur
12/13/2002       schizophrenia       A group of severe emotional disorders characterized by misinterpretation
                                                    & retreat from reality
12/16/2002       anxiety                 A feeling of apprehension, fear without apparent stimulus
12/17/2002       illusion                  A falsely intrepreted sensory perception
12/18/2002       hysteria                 A psyconeurosis which is characterized by lack of control over acts and
                                                      emotions
12/19/2002       neurosis                An emotional disorder due to unresolved conflicts
12/20/2002       compulsion           An irrestible impulse to perform some act contrary to one's better
                                                     judgement or will
12/23/2002       copodyskinesia    Difficult movement due to fatigue from habitual work, called occupational
                                                     neurosis
 

January 2003        "Acronyms- gotta know them all"
Date          Word               Description
1/2/2003    HEPA filter      High Efficiency Particulate Air filter- Filters that remove dust and other particles
                                          from the air
1/3/2003    PETA              People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals -Animal rights group that opposes all
                                          use of animals
1/6/2003    NIH                 National Institutes of Health -The largest source of government funding for
                                          research
1/7/2003    PI                    Principal Investigator -The scientist who plans and coordinates all phases of
                                          research
1/8/2003    SOP                Standard Operating Procedure- Written instructions for the performance of
                                          specific tasks
1/9/2003    IACUC           Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee -Responsible for overseeing animal
                                          research programs
1/10/2003  USDA             United States Department of Agriculture- Is responsible for administering &
                                          enforcing the AWA law
1/13/2003  CFA               Complete Freund's Adjuvant -Enhances antibody response, contains killed
                                          Mycobacterium organisms
1/14/2003   IFA                Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant- Enhances antibody response, doesn't contains
                                          Mycobacterium
1/15/2003   ELISA            Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbant Assay- A serological technique to rapidly
                                          measure ag-ab reactions
1/16/2003   SCID              Severe Combined ImmunoDeficient - Animals that lack both T-cell and B-cell
                                          Lymphocytes
1/17/2003   SPF                Specific Pathogen Free -Animals in which certain disease-causing agents have
                                          been eliminated
1/20/2003   RODAC         Replicate Organism Detection and Counting -Type of plate to monitor facility
                                          sanitation practices
1/21/2003   CFUs              Colony Forming Units- The number of colonies growing on a RODAC plate
1/22/2003   DNA               DeoxyriboNucleic Acid -The basic genetic material of living organisms
1/23/2003   NSAID           Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug- Drug that reduces inflammation without
                                          the side-effects of steroids ie. aspirin, acetominophen
1/24/2003   CD                 Caesarian Derived- Animal that was removed via c-section and fostered on a
                                          clean mother
1/27/2003    BR                Barrier Reared- Animals raised in a controlled microbial barrier
1/28/2003   PPE                Personal Protective Equipment Any product worn by an individual to minimize
                                          risk of injury ie: gloves
1/29/2003   CMAR           Certified Manager of Animal Resources- New AALAS certification level
1/30/2003   DVM              Doctor of Veterinary Medicine - A veterinarian
1/31/2003   RVT               Registered Veterinary Technician - A vet tech
 

February 2003        "More medical abbreviations"
Date             Word             Definition
2/3/2003       po                 per os = by mouth
2/4/2003       Rx                 perscription
2/5/2003       Sx                 surgery
2/6/2003       Tx                 treatment
2/7/2003       CBC             complete blood count
2/10/2003     WBC            white blood cell
2/11/2003     RBC             red blood cell
2/12/2003     PCV             packed cell volume
2/13/2003     Hg                hemoglobin concentration
2/14/2003     Hct               hematocrit = PCV
2/17/2003     B/O              bleed out
2/18/2003     K/O              knock out
2/19/2003     bid                bis in die = twice a day
2/20/2003     tid                 ter in die = three times a day
2/21/2003     prn                pro re nata = as necessary
2/24/2003     qid                quarter in die = four times a day
2/25/2003     stat                statim = immediately
2/26/2003     I.M.              intramuscularly
2/27/2003     I.V.               intravenously
2/28/2003     ID                 intradermal

March 2003        "Explain genetics to me one more time."
Date             Word             Definition
3/3/2003     genetics           the study of heredity, hereditary transmission and the variation of inherited traits
3/4/2003     alleles              two or more forms of a gene that occurs on the same gene locus of its
                                          chromosomes
3/5/2003     heterozygous   having two different alleles of a gene at corresponding loci on homologous
                                          chromosomes
3/6/2003     homozygous    having two of the same alleles of a gene at corresponding loci on homologous
                                          chromosomes
3/7/2003     genotype         the complete genetic makeup of an individual animal
3/10/2003   phenotype       the observable or discernable physical characteristics of an animal
3/11/2003   chromosomes  the paired structures, located in the nucleus of cells, that contain the genes
3/12/2003   genes              units of inheritance located on the chromosomes and madeup of DNA
3/13/2003   genome           the complete set of genes contained in the chromosomes of each cell of an
                                          individual
3/14/2003   knockout        an animal that has had a gene or portions of its genes removed or blocked
3/17/2003   transgenic       an animal that carries in its genetic makeup  DNA  transplanted from the genes of
                                         another animal
3/18/2003   chimera          an animal in which some of its cells contain new DNA that was inserted during
                                      transgenic creation
3/19/2003   dominant        a trait that is capable of expression when carried on only one of a pair of
                                         chromosomes
3/20/2003   recessive        a trait that is capable of expression only when carried on both of a pair of
                                         chromosomes
3/21/2003   cloning           the making of identical copies of one or more DNA fragments
3/24/2003   mutation         a spontaneous or induced change in part of the genetic makeup that is passed to
                                         offspring
3/25/2003   inbred           animals produced by 20 generations of brother-sister matings resulting in minimal
                                         genetic variation
3/26/2003   outbred         animal decended from unrelated parents resulting in a well mixed gene pool
3/27/2003   base pairs       the complex of 2 nucleotides in DNA strands held together by hydrogen bonds
3/28/2003   diploid            having two full sets of chromosomes as is normally found in somatic cells
3/31/2003   haploid           having only one member of each pair of chromosomes,  normal in a gamete

April 2003        "Am I glowing yet?"
Date            Word                 Definition
4/1/2003      radiology         the study and use of radiant energy for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes
4/2/2003      radiation          electromagnetic waves such as light or particulate rays like alpha, beta, gamma,
                                           x-rays
4/3/2003      ion                   an atomic particle, charged atom or chemically bound group of atoms
4/4/2003      ionization          the process of producing ions
4/7/2003      irradiation        treatment with ionizing radiation
4/8/2003      rad                   radiation absorbed dose, a unit of measurement of the absorbed dose of
                                            ionizing radiation
4/9/2003       rem                roentgen equilivant man, the quantity of ionizing radiation that has the same
                                           biological effectiveness as 1 rad of x-rays
4/10/2003     curie               a unit of radioactivity = the quantity of any radioactive nuclide where the number
                                           of disintegrations/second is 3.7 x 10¹⁰
4/11/2003     becquerel       the official unit of radioactivity one disintegration or decay per second = one
                                           becquerel (Bq)
4/14/2003     isotope           a chemical element having the same atomic number as another but having a
                                           different atomic mass
4/15/2003     nuclide            atoms of an element distinguishable by their weight, synonymous to isotope
4/16/2003     radioisotope    an isotope that has an unstable nucleus, gives off radiation as it decays
4/17/2003     decay             disintegration of the nucleus of an unstable nuclide by the emission of charged
                                            particles or photons
4/18/2003     half-life           the time required for a radioactive substance to lose half of its activity by decay
4/21/2003     x-ray             roentgen rays, electromagnetic vibrations of short wavelengths produced when
                                          electrons hit heavy metals at high speeds
4/22/2003     gamma rays   electromagnetic radiation of short wavelenghts emitted by the nucleus of an atom
                                          during nuclear reaction
4/23/2003     beta rays        electrons ejected from radioactive substances traveling slightly faster than light
4/24/2003     tracer            an element or compound that has been made radioactive so that it can be
                                          followed in biologic processes
4/25/2003     counter         a devise for making radiation measurements or counting ionizing events
4/28/2003     collimator      absorbing material designed to define the size and direction of a beam of radiation
4/29/2003     LASER         Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
4/30/2003     laser              a device that transforms visible light into a small nondivergent beam of
                                          monochromatic radiation
May 2003        "I'm scared!"

Date              Word                 Definition
5/1/2003        phobia                any persistant abnormal dread or fear
5/2/2003        agoraphobia        fear of large open spaces
5/5/2003        ailurophobia        fear of cats
5/6/2003        algophobia          fear of experiencing or witnessing pain
5/7/2003        anemophobia      fear of winds or drafts
5/8/2003        ataxiophobia        fear of disorder / disorganization
5/9/2003        cardiophobia       fear of heart disease
5/12/2003      claustrophobia     fear of confined spaces
5/13/2003      erythrophobia      fear of blushing or the fear of the color red
5/14/2003      gynophobia         fear of women
5/15/2003      hemophobic        fear of blood
5/16/2003      hydrophobia        rabies
5/19/2003      iatrophobia          fear of physicians
5/20/2003      onomatophobia   dread or fear of hearing a certain name or word
5/21/2003      pedophobia         fear of children
5/22/2003      photophobia        fear of light
5/23/2003      phlebotophobia     fear of needles or giving blood
5/26/2003      somnilophobia      fear of sleeping
5/27/2003      tocophobia          fear of childbirth
5/28/2003      toxicophobia        fear of poisons
5/29/2003      urophobia            fear of passing urine
5/30/2003      verminophobia     fear of worms
 

June 2003        "I've got you under my skin"

date                 word               definition
6/2/2003         skin                 the outer covering of the body
6/3/2003         epidermis        the outer most non-vascular layer of skin, made of 5 layers
6/4/2003         dermis             the layer of skin under the epidermis, consists of dense vascular connective tissue
6/5/2003         basal layer       deepest layer of epidermis composed of columnar cells arranged perpendicularly
6/6/2003         spinus layer      above basal cells in epidermis, composed of rounded or polygonal pigmented cells
6/9/2003         granular layer   above spinus cells in epidermis, composed of flattened granular cells
6/10/2003       clear layer        above granular cells in epidermis, composed of several layers of transparent nucleated cells
6/11/2003       cornified layer   top most layer of epidermis, composed of flattened cells containing keratin
6/12/2003       keratin              a very insoluble protein, the principal constituent of epidermis, hair, nails
6/13/2003       dermatitis          inflammation of the skin
6/16/2003       dermatosis        any disease of the skin
6/17/2003       dermatology      medical specialty concerned with diseases of the skin
6/18/2003       pigment             any normal or abnormal coloring matter of the body
6/19/2003       melanin              a dark amorphous pigment of the skin, hair and some tumors
6/20/2003       erythema          redness of the skin caused by congestion of the capillaries
6/23/2003       abrasion            an area of the body surface denuded of skin by an abnormal mechanical process
6/24/2003       cutaneous          pertaining to the skin
6/25/2003       subcutaneous    beneath the skin
6/26/2003       hair                    a filamentous appendage of the skin consisting of keratin
6/27/2003       pilus                   a hair
6/30/2003       pilology              the study of the hair

July 2003        The Latin name is..."
Date                     Word                             Definition
7/1/2003             Mus musculus                   Mouse
7/2/2003             Rattus norvegicus              Rat
7/3/2003             Mesocricetus auratus        Syrian hamster
7/7/2003             Meriones unguiculatus       Mongolian gerbil
7/8/2003             Cavia porcellus                Guinea pig
7/9/2003             Oryctolagus cuniculus        Rabbit
7/10/2003           Gallus domesticus              Chicken
7/11/2003           Danio rerio                        Zebrafish
7/14/2003           Xenopus laevis                  African clawed frog
7/15/2003           Rana catesbeiana              American bullfrog
7/16/2003           Macaca mulatta                  Rhesus monkey
7/17/2003           Gymnocephalus cernuus    Ruffe
7/18/2003           Typhlonectes natans          Caecillian
7/21/2003           Carassius auratus auratus   Goldfish
7/22/2003           Passer domesticus              House sparrow
7/23/2003           Sylvilagus floridanus           Eastern Cottontail
7/24/2003           Canis familiaris                    Dog
7/25/2003          Felis domesticus                  Cat
7/28/2003           Didelphis virginiana             Opossum
7/29/2003           Hyla versicolor                   Gray treefrog
7/30/2003           Tamias striatus                    Eastern chipmunk
7/31/2003           Callinectes sapidus              Blue crab

August 2003        "You are jumping on my last nerve!"
Date              Word                     Definition
8/1/2003       nerve                      a collection of nerve fibers bound together by connective tissue sheaths
8/4/2003       neuron                    basic component of nerve tissue consisting of a cell body and one or more processes
8/5/2003       axon                       one type of nerve process carries impulses from the cell body to the next cell
8/6/2003       dendrite                  another type of nerve process that receives impulses on the surface of a neuron
8/7/2003       myelin sheath           the protective covering of axons made of proteins and lipids
8/8/2003       nerve fiber               the axon with its sheath
8/11/2003     nodes of Ranvier     constrictions in the myelin sheath
8/12/2003     Nissl bodies            RNA granules present in cell bodies of neurons
8/13/2003     synapse                  the point of contact between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another
8/14/2003     nerve root              attaches the nerve to the spinal cord
8/15/2003     C.N.S.                   central nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord
8/18/2003     spinal cord              part of the C.N.S. consisting of nerves and neurons enclosed in 3 membranes
8/19/2003     meninges                 protective membranes
8/20/2003     cerebrospinal fluid   circulates around the cord & brain providing a water cushion & shock absorber for the nerve tissue
8/21/2003     brain                       the major part of the C.N.S., consisting of 3 parts
8/22/2003     cerebellum              the part of the brain that serves as the reflex center for coordination of muscular movements
8/25/2003     cerebrum                the largest part of the brain divided into 2 hemispheres by a deep groove
8/26/2003     brain stem               continuation of the spinal cord to the brain, controls heart/respiration/swallowing/vasomotor activity
8/27/2003     ventricles                 four fluid filled spaces in the brain, 2 lateral, 3rd and 4th ventricles
8/28/2003     gray matter             consists mainly of cell bodies of neurons
8/29/2003     cerebral cortex        the surface of the cerebrum, composed of gray matter and arranged in folds

September 2003        "The abbreviation stands for..."

Date                Word                     Definition
9/2/2003         BALB/c           Bagg Albino - inbred albino mice ( general purpose)
9/3/2003         NCr nu/nu        Athymic nude (hairless) mice from a BALB/c background (cancer studies)
9/4/2003         SCID               Severe Combined ImmunoDeficient mouse- hairless (cancer studies)
9/5/2003         ICR                  Institute of Cancer Research - an outbred albino mouse (general purpose/ toxicology)
9/8/2003         C57BL             Black inbred mouse - most popular inbred strain, used as the "standard" (general purpose)
9/9/2003         DBA                 Dilute brown non-Agouti - inbred - from CCLittle's stock breeding for coat color oldest inbred strain
9/10/2003       DSH                 Domestic Short Hair cat - outbred - (neurology/sleep disorders/parasitology)
9/11/2003       SD                   Sprague Dawley rat - most popular outbred albino rat (toxicology/general purpose use)
9/12/2003       LE                     Long-Evans rat - an outbred hooded rat (diet studies)
9/15/2003       F344                 Fisher 344 rat - inbred albino rat (carcinogenic studies/ cancer)
9/16/2003       LW                   LOBUND-Wistar inbred rat developed at UND by Dr. Morris Pollard (prostate cancer)
9/17/2003       ZU                    Zucker rat - mutant with 4 color variations (genetic obesity/diabetes studies)
9/18/2003       SYR                 Golden Syrian hamster - brown and white (toxicology/carcinogenesis/behavior studies)
9/19/2003       NZW                New Zealand White rabbit - albino (antibody/toxicology/tetratology studies)
9/22/2003       DU                   Dutch rabbit - black and white belted (antibody production/toxicology studies)
9/23/2003       DH                   Dunkin Hartley guinea pig - albino outbred strain (general purpose)
9/24/2003       MON              Mongolian Gerbil - agouti (epilepsy/nutrition/oncology studies)
9/25/2003       COP                Copenhagen 2331 rat - brown hooded inbred ( middle ear disease/ breeding partner for cogenic strains)
9/26/2003       WIST               Wistar rat - outbred albino developed at the Wistar Institute (drug development/ safety studies)
9/29/2003       WU                 Wistar Unilever rat - outbred albino developes few spontaneous tumors (general purpose)
9/30/2003       DOBE              Domesticated beagle - outbred - (cardiac/ circulatory studies)

October 2003    "Derivitives"

Date             Word           Definition
10/1/2003     bovine         pertaining to, characteristic of, or derived from cattle
10/2/2003     piscine         pertaining to, characteristic of, or derived from fish
10/3/2003     canine         pertaining to, characteristic of, or derived from dogs
10/6/2003     cervine        pertaining to, characteristic of, or derived from deer
10/7/2003     ovine           pertaining to, characteristic of, or derived from sheep
10/8/2003     porcine        pertaining to, characteristic of, or derived from swine
10/9/2003     phocine      pertaining to, characteristic of, or derived from seals
10/10/2003   caprine       pertaining to, characteristic of, or derived from goats
10/13/2003   oscine          pertaining to, characteristic of, or derived from songbirds
10/14/2003   aquiline        pertaining to, characteristic of, or derived from eagles
10/15/2003   leonine         pertaining to, characteristic of, or derived from lions
10/16/2003   ranine          pertaining to, characteristic of, or derived from frogs
10/17/2003   ursine          pertaining to, characteristic of, or derived from bears
10/20/2003   murine         pertaining to, characteristic of, or derived from mice
10/21/2003   vulpine         pertaining to, characteristic of, or derived from fox
10/22/2003   asinine         pertaining to, characteristic of, or derived from donkeys
10/23/2003   lacertine       pertaining to, characteristic of, or derived from lizards
10/24/2003   equine          pertaining to, characteristic of, or derived from horses
10/27/2003   leporine        pertaining to, characteristic of, or derived from rabbits
10/28/2003   feline             pertaining to, characteristic of, or derived from cats
10/29/2003   herpestine     pertaining to, characteristic of, or derived from mongooses
10/30/2003   lupine           pertaining to, characteristic of, or derived from wolves
10/31/2003   viperine        pertaining to, characteristic of, or derived from poisonous snakes
 

November 2003        "What do you call it when..."

11/3/2003       Debridement   Removal of dead tissues from a wound
11/4/2003       Triage             The evaluation and classification of injuries for purposes of treatment
11/5/2003       Irrigate            To wash out, to flush a wound clean using a solution
11/6/2003       Acute              Of short duration or rapid onset
11/7/2003       Chronic            Lasting a long time, ongoing
11/10/2003     Crepitus           A crackling sound in soft tissues or bones
11/11/2003     Fever               Elevation of body temperature above the normal range
11/12/2003     Fracture          A break in bone or cartilege
11/13/2003     Edema             Swelling of soft tissue due to excess fluid accumulation
11/14/2003     Hemorrhage    Bleeding or the abnormal flow of blood
11/17/2003     Symptom         Any subjective evidence of disease that only the patient perceives
11/18/2003     Sign                 Any objective evidence of disease
11/19/2003     Diagnosis         Determining the nature or cause of a disease
11/20/2003     Prognosis         The probable outcome or course of a disease
11/21/2003     Dehydration     Excessive loss of body water
11/24/2003     Lethargy          Abnormal drowsiness or stupor
11/25/2003     Comatose        A state of deep unarousable unconsciousness
11/26/2003     Necrotic           Dead cells or tissues
11/27/2003     Nystagmus       Rapid rhythmic involuntary eye movements
11/28/2003     Syncope          Partial or complete loss of consciousness, fainting

December 2003        "Cut it out!"

Date                 Word             Definition
12/1/2003       excision              surgical cutting away
12/2/2003       excision biopsy   removal of the entire lesion for gross & microscopic examination
12/3/2003       incision               surgical cutting
12/4/2003       incision biopsy    removal of part of a lesion for gross & microscopic examination
12/5/2003       dissection           to divide into separate parts, cut into pieces, expose internal organs
12/8/2003       necropsy            the post-mortem examination of an animal
12/9/2003       amputate            to cut off or remove an appendage
12/10/2003     ectomy               removal of an anatomic organ
12/11/2003     tomy                  a cutting operation
12/12/2003     stomy                 a permanent or semi-permanent surgical opening into a cavity or organ
12/15/2003     aplotomy            a simple incision
12/16/2003     venesection        the operation of cutting open a vein for bloodletting or insertion of a catheter
12/17/2003     cut                     a narrow wound made by a sharp edge
12/18/2003     laceration           a cut, usually an injury
12/19/2003     stab                   to puncture with a pointed instrument such as a scalpel or knife
12/22/2003     shear                 to cut or sever with scissors from a surface
12/23/2003     avulsion             the tearing away of flesh as occurs in mechanical injuries

January 2004        "You need more than a cutting remark."

Date                 Word             Definition
1/5/2004         scalpel             a small knife with a thin, sharp blade used by surgeons
1/6/2004         lancet               a sharp-pointed two-edged instrument used for cutting open veins or abscesses
1/7/2004         curette              a spoon shaped instrument with a sharp edge for cutting/scraping the interior walls of a cavity
1/8/2004         trephine            a hand turned cylindrical saw for cutting holes in bone especially the skull
1/9/2004         gorget              a cutting instrument used to remove stones from a bladder
1/12/2004       tome                a word termination signifying an instrument for cutting
1/13/2004       tenotome          a slender knife used in the division of a tendon
1/14/2004       uvulatome         a sharp knife used to remove the uvula
1/15/2004       keratome          a cutting instrument for dividing the cornea
1/16/2004       microtome         a device used for cutting sections from embedded tissues for light or electron microscopy
1/19/2004       bronchotome     an instrument for cutting into the bronchial tubes
1/20/2004       electrotome       a surgical cutting instrument that uses electricity to make a cut
1/21/2004       cautery knife     a surgical cutting instrument that coagulates with electric current while cutting
1/22/2004       laser knife         a laser light used to cut tissue
1/23/2004       rongeur             an instrument for removing small rough portions of bone
1/26/2004       trochar             a sharp-pointed instrument with a cannula to puncture the wall of a body cavity
1/27/2004       scalpel blade     a sharp, thin tool with a convex cutting edge
1/28/2004       gigli's wire          a flexible wire with saw teeth
1/29/2004       saw                   a cutting instrument with a serrated edge
1/30/2004       chisel                 a cutting instrument with a beveled edge for smoothing a surface

February 2004        "My heart belongs to you"

Date             Word                         Definition
2/2/2004       heart                       the muscular organ responsible for the pumping of blood
2/3/2004       atrium                     a chamber affording entrance into a lower chamber of the heart
2/4/2004       left atrium                on the upper left of the heart, receives blood from the lungs & pumps it to the left ventricle
2/5/2004       right atrium              on the upper right of the heart, receives blood from the vena cava & pumps to the right ventricle
2/6/2004       ventricles                 a pair of cavities with thick muscular walls that make up the bulk of the heart
2/9/2004       left ventricle             the cavity of the heart that propels blood out through the aorta into the systemic arteries
2/10/2004     right ventricle           the cavity of the heart that propels blood through the pumonary trunk into the lungs
2/11/2004     valve                       a membranous fold that prevents reflux of the contents passing through it
2/12/2004     cusp                        a tapering projection or structure
2/13/2004     tricuspid valve         the valve between the right atrium and ventricle made of 3 cusps;atrioventricular valve
2/16/2004     bicuspid valve         the valve between the left atrium and ventricle made of 2 cusps; mitrial valve
2/17/2004     pulmonary valve      the valve in the right ventricle to the lungs, preventing backflow; semilunar valve right
2/18/2004     aortic valve             the valve in the left ventricle to the aorta, preventing backflow; semilunar valve left
2/19/2004     pericardium             the fibrous sac that surrounds the heart
2/20/2004     endocardium           the endothelial lining of the heart
2/23/2004     aorta                       the main trunk from which the systemic arterial system proceeds
2/24/2004     vena cava                the venous trunk which receives blood from upper & lower body & delivers to rt. atrium
2/25/2004     systole                     the contraction or period of contraction of the heart especially the ventricles
2/26/2004     diastole                    the dilation or period of dilation of the heart, especially the ventricles
2/27/2004     heart burn                a burning sensation behind the sternum caused by acid reflux into the esophagus
 

March 2004        "Know your conversions."

Date             Conversion                                                                           Problem              Answers for March
3/1/2004     1 kilogram (kg) = 2.2 pounds (lb)                                         11 kg = ? lb          24.2 lb
3/2/2004     1 ounce (oz) = 28.4 grams (g)                                              12 oz = ? g          340.8 g
3/3/2004     1 pound (lb) = 454 grams (g)                                                2.5 lb = ? g          1135 g
3/4/2004     1 fluid ounce (fl. oz) = 30 milliliters (ml)                                 7 fl. oz =  ? ml         210 ml
3/5/2004     1 quart (qt) = 946 milliliters (ml)                                           4 qt = ? ml          3784 ml
3/8/2004     1 inch (in) = 2.54 centimeters (cm)                                        6 in = ? cm          15.24 cm
3/9/2004     1 meter (M) = 39.3 inches (in)                                              ? M = 60 in          1.526 M
3/10/2004   1 inch (in) = 25.4 milimeters (mm)                                         4 in = ? mm          101.6 mm
3/11/2004   1 kilogram (kg) = 1000 grams (g)                                         3.75 kg = ? g          3750 g
3/12/2004   1 gram (g) = 1000 milligrams (mg)                                         7.5 g = ? mg          7500 mg
3/15/2004   1liter (L) = 1000 milliliters (ml)                                             4 L = ? ml          4000 ml
3/16/2004   °C (Celsius or Centigrade)= (5/9x(°F(Fahrenheit) -32)         ?°C = 212 °F 100 °C
3/17/2004   °F (Fahrenheit) = (9/5x°C(Celsius or Centigrade)) +32         ?°F= 37 °C           98.6°F
3/18/2004   1 gram (g) = 0.03527 ounces (oz)                                        100 g = ? oz          3.527 oz
3/19/2004   1 meter (M) = 1.0936 yards (yd)                                          5 M = ? yd          5.468 yd
3/22/2004   1 grain (gr) = 64.8 milligrams (mg)                                         20 gr = ? mg          1296 mg
3/23/2004   1 liter (L) = 0.264 gallons (gal)                                              7 L = ? gal          1.848 gal
3/24/2004   1 foot (ft) = 0.3048 meters (M)                                             2 ft = ? M          0.6096 M
3/25/2004   1 deciliter (dl) = 100 milliliters (ml)                                         2.5 dl = ? ml          250 ml
3/26/2004   1 milliliter (ml) = 1 cubic centimeter (cc)                                 10 ml = ? cc          10 cc
3/29/2004   1 kilometer (Km) = 0.621 miles (mi)                                      10 Km = ? mi          6.21 mi
3/30/2004   1 teaspoon (t) = 5 milliliters (ml)                                             2.5 t = ? ml          12.5 ml
3/31/2004   1 tablespoon (T) = 15 millileters (ml)                                      5 T = ? ml          75 ml
 

April 2004     "Fun Conversions"

Date                                         Problem                                                                                         Answers
4/1/2004                     Ratio of an igloo's circumference to its diameter:                                           Eskimo Pi
4/2/2004                     2000 pounds of Chinese soup:                                                                     Won ton
4/5/2004                     1 millionth of a mouthwash:                                             1 microScope
4/6/2004                     Time between slipping on a peel and smacking the pavement:                        1  bananosecond
4/7/2004                     Weight an evangelist carries with God:                                                          1 billigram
4/8/2004                     Time it takes to sail 220 yards at 1 nautical mile per hour:                              Knot-furlong
4/9/2004                     365.25 days of drinking lite beer:                                                                  1  lite year
4/12/2004                   16.5 feet in the Twilight Zone:                                                                      1 Rod Serling
4/13/2004                   Half of a large intestine:                                                                                 1 semicolon
4/14/2004                   1000 aches:                                                                                                  1 kilohurtz
4/15/2004                   Basic unit of laryngitis:                                                                                   1 hoarsepower
4/16/2004                  Shortest distance between two jokes:                                                            A straight line (think about it for a moment)
4/19/2004                   1 million microphones:                                                                                   1 megaphone
4/20/2004                   1 million bicycles:                                                                                           2 megacycles
4/21/2004                  2000 mockingbirds:                                                                                       Two kilomockingbirds (work on it....)
4/22/2004                   10 cards:                                                                                                       1 decacards
4/23/2004                   1 kilogram of falling figs:                                                                                 1 Fig Newton
4/26/2004                  1000 cubic centimeters of wet socks:                                                              1 liter hosen
4/27/2004                   1 millionth of a fish:                                                                                         1 microfiche
4/28/2004                   1 trillion pins:                                                                                                  1 terrapin
4/29/2004                   10 rations:                                                                                                      1 decoration
4/30/2004                   100 rations:                                                                                                    1 C-ration

May 2004        "Gesundheit"

Date                 Word                         Definition
5/3/2004         antigen                 a substance capable of inducing the formation of antibodies and reacting with the antibodies so produced
5/4/2004         antibody              an immunoglobulin molecule with an specific aminoacid sequence that reacts only with the antigen that induced its synthesis
5/5/2004         allergy                 a hypersensitive state aquired by exposure to a particular antigen, reexposure resulting in an altered capacity to react
5/6/2004         allergen                a protein or non-protein capable of inducing hypersensitivity
5/7/2004         atopy                   a clinincal hypersensitive state with a hereditary predisposition
5/10/2004       anaphylaxis          an exaggerated allergic response caused by an antigen-antibody reaction
5/11/2004       histamine            produced by mast cells and basophils and act as a mediator of immediate hypersensitivity
5/12/2004       antihistamine         a drug that counteracts the action of histamine
5/13/2004       desensitize           to remove antibody from sensitized cells for the purpose of preventing allergy or anaphylaxis
5/14/2004       contact allergy      a hypersensitive skin reaction caused by dermal contact with an allergen
5/17/2004       food allergy          a hypersensitive reaction caused by the ingestion of certain foods or drugs, usually manifested by shin reaction
5/18/2004       induced allergy     allergy resulting from the injection, contact or infection with an antigen
5/19/2004       lacrimation            the secretion and discharge of tears
5/20/2004       erythema              a redness of the skin caused by capillary congestion
5/21/2004       sneeze                  an involuntary, sudden, violent and audible expulsion of air through the nose and mouth
5/24/2004       sternutation           the act of sneezing
5/25/2004       conjunctivitis         inflammation of the membranes that line the eye lids and sclera
5/26/2004       pruritus                 an unpleasant cutaneous sensation that provokes the desire to scratch or rub the skin
5/27/2004       urticaria                a vascular reaction of the skin with the formation of smooth, raised, red patches attended by severe itching
5/28/2004       allergic                dermatitis any inflammation of the skin believed to be caused by allergy
5/31/2004       nasal sinusitus     an inflammation of the nasal sinuses

June 2004        "Take a walk on the wild side!"

Date              Word                             Definition
6/1/2004         ambulation             the act of walking
6/2/2004         locomotion             movement, the ability to move from one place to another
6/3/2004         brachiation             locomotion by means of the hands and arms
6/4/2004         walking                  locomotion by means of the legs and feet
6/7/2004         somnambulation     walking while asleep
6/8/2004         tiptoe                     walking on the balls of the feet
6/9/2004         staggering              an unsteady gait marked by loss of balance
6/10/2004       crawling                 movement on the hands and knees
6/11/2004       waltzing                 forward locomotion with a pronounced side-to-side body motion
6/14/2004       ataxia                    failure of muscle coordination
6/15/2004       hoof                      the foot of an ungulate, with a hard, horny casing of the foot or ends of the digits
6/16/2004       unguligrade            walking or running on the tips of one or two digits of each limb
6/17/2004       plantar                  pertaining to the sole of the foot
6/18/2004       plantigrade            walking on the full sole of the foot ex. Man, bear
6/21/2004       pedionalgia           pain in the sole of the foot
6/22/2004       flexion                  the act of bending
6/23/2004       extension              a movement that brings the members of a limb into a straight line
6/24/2004       adduction             the act of moving toward the median plane of the body or axial line of the limb
6/25/2004       abduction             the act of moving away from the median plane of the body or axial line of the limb
6/28/2004       footdrop              dropping of the foot from paralysis of the anterior muscles of the leg
6/29/2004       pediferous            having feet
6/30/2004       paw                     the foot of a mammal, usually covered with hair, having calloused pads on the plantar surface

July 2004        "She runs hot and cold."

Date                  Word                             Definition
7/1/2004         body temperature             the temperature of the body under normal conditions
7/2/2004         basal temperature             the temperature of the body under conditions of absolute rest
7/6/2004         fever                                elevation of body temperature above the normal
7/7/2004         pyrexia                             fever
7/8/2004         pyro-                               a combining form meaning heat or fire
7/9/2004         pyrogen                            a fever producing substance
7/12/2004       pyrogenic                          inducing fever
7/13/2004       pyrosis                              heart burn, a burning sensation in the esophagus and stomach
7/14/2004       thermometer                      an instrument to measure temperatures
7/15/2004       hyperthermia                     abnormally high body temperature, especially if induced for therapeutic reasons
7/16/2004       hyperthermalgesia              abnormal increased sensitivity to heat
7/19/2004       thermalgesia                       a condition where the application of heat produces pain
7/20/2004       thermal injury                     an injury caused by heat or heated objects
7/21/2004       homiothermic                     an animal that maintains a constant body temperature despite environmental temperatures
7/22/2004       warm-blooded                   an animal that is homiothermic
7/23/2004       endothermic                       characterized by or accompanied by the absorbtion of heat
7/26/2004       exothermic                         characterized by or accompanied by the evolution or release of heat
7/27/2004       antipyretic                          relieving or reducing fever
7/28/2004       antipyrotic                          substance therapeutically effective against burns
7/29/2004       pyromania                          obsessive preoccupation with fires
7/30/2004       pyrolysis                            decomposition of organic substances under the influence of a rise in temperature

August 2004        "What route?"

Date                 Word                                 Definition
8/2/2004         oral                                 given by mouth
8/3/2004         gavage                            given through a tube passed through the mouth and into the stomach
8/4/2004         lavage                             liquid passed into and out of an organ (stomach or bowel) to wash it out
8/5/2004         transepidermal                absorbed through the epidermis
8/6/2004         subcutaneous                  placed beneath the skin
8/9/2004         intradermal                     placed within the dermis
8/10/2004       intranasal                         placed within the nose
8/11/2004       sublingual                         placed under the tongue
8/12/2004       topical                             applied to the skin surface
8/13/2004       injectible                          the act of forcing a liquid into a part of the body
8/16/2004       parenteral                       given by injection
8/17/2004       intravenous                      administered into a vein
8/18/2004       intraosseous                     placed into a bone
8/19/2004       epidural                            placed outside the dura of the spinal cord or brain
8/20/2004       intracardiac                      administered into the heart
8/23/2004       intratracheal                     placed within the trachea
8/24/2004       intraperitoneal                  administered into the peritoneal cavity
8/25/2004       intraoccular                      placed into the eye
8/26/2004       intramuscular                    administered into a muscle
8/27/2004       transplacental                   crossing or given through the palcenta
8/30/2004       rectal                               placed into the rectum
8/31/2004       intercostal                        the space between two adjacent ribs

September 2004        "It's getting hot in here..."

Date                 Word                 Definition
9/1/2004         sweat                     to excrete moisture from the pores of the skin, the liquid excreted
9/2/2004         perspiration            sweat
9/3/2004         antiperspirant          a compound having an inhibitory action on the secretion of sweat
9/7/2004         hidrosis                  the production and excretion of sweat
9/8/2004         idrosis                    the production and excretion of sweat
9/9/2004         diaphoresis             profuse perspiration
9/10/2004       sudoresis                profuse perspiration
9/13/2004       sudorific                 a drug or compound that causes sweating
9/14/2004       diaphoretic             a drug or compound that causes sweating
9/15/2004       hyperhidrosis          excessive sweating
9/16/2004       antihidrotic             an antiperspirant
9/17/2004       hypohidrosis           abnormally diminished sweating
9/20/2004       hematohidrosis       sweating blood, a rare condition occurring with extreme levels of stress
9/21/2004       dehydration            a condition resulting from excessive loss of body water
9/22/2004       rehydration             restoring fluid content to a body  which is dehydrated
9/23/2004       hydration                a condition of having adequate fluid in the body tissues
9/24/2004       hyperhydration        excess water content in the body due to IV administration of large amounts of glucose
9/27/2004       water intoxication    condition caused by retention of water with the depletion of sodium
9/28/2004       fluid therapy            therapy to restore the volume and composition of body fluids to normal
9/29/2004       fluid retention          abnormal accumulation of fluid in cells, tissues or body cavity
9/30/2004       diuretic                   a compound increasing excretion of urine to increase loss of fluid and sodium from the body

October 2004        "Medical Colors"

Date                Word                    Definition
10/1/2004         cyanosis                 a bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen in the blood
10/4/2004         jaundice                 a yellowish pigmentation of tissues and body fluids caused by deposition of bile pigments
10/5/2004         purpura                  a hemorrhagic state with purplish skin patches from blood leaking into the surrounding tissues
10/6/2004         erythema               abnormal redness of the skin due to capillary congestion
10/7/2004         lipemic                   the presence of fats or lipids in the blood causing a milky apperance of the serum
10/8/2004         melanin                  a brownish-black pigment normally found in skin, hair and parts of the eye
10/11/2004       icterus                    a yellowish pigmentation of tissues and body fluids caused by deposition of bile pigments
10/12/2004       cyanopsia               a condition in which all objects appear blue; may follow cataract removal
10/13/2004       hemolysis               lysis of RBCs liberating hemoglobin causing a pink appearance to the blood serum
10/14/2004       blanch                   the withdrawal of blood from the tissues which leaves them white
10/15/2004       café au lait             a pigmented cutaneous lesion that ranges from light to dark brown
10/18/2004       sallow                    having a yellowish color to the skin
10/19/2004       petechiae               small red spots on the skin that usually indicate a low platelet count
10/20/2004       flushed                   to become suddenly suffused with color due to vasodilation
10/21/2004       hyaline                   clear, transparent and granule free
10/22/2004       blackhead              a dark topped plug of fatty material in the opening of a hair follicule or skin pore
10/25/2004       flavedo                  having a yellowish color to the skin
10/26/2004       strawberry mark     red or purple colored skin markings that develop shortly after birth
10/27/2004       blush                      brief erythema of the face and neck
10/28/2004       frosted                   inflammed serous membrane resulting in a thick, opaque white or gray-white coating
10/29/2004       carotenemia           excessive carotene in the blood that can cause a yellow-orange coloration of the skin

November 2004        "What color do you call that cat?"

Date                 Word                         Definition
11/1/2004       tortoiseshell           orange, black and cream coat where there are not distinct areas of color
11/2/2004       tabby                      dark lines on lighter coat, tiger, mackerel, striped=stripes, maculate,spotted= spotted lines, classic,blotched=swirled lines
11/3/2004       bi-color                   white coat with a second color that is over 50%, also called piebald, magpie, van
11/4/2004       colorpoint                a pale coat with darker extremities (face, ears, legs and tail) point colors are seal, chocolate, blue, lilac, flame, frost
11/5/2004       calico                      orange, black and white coat distinct areas of color, sex linked to females also called chintz
11/8/2004       harlequin                  white coat with a second color that is less than 50%
11/9/2004       chinchilla                  white fur with colored tips
11/10/2004     orange                     a dark orange color, also called ginger, marmalade, red, flame (for a colorpoint)
11/11/2004     white                       a solid white that masks all other colors
11/12/2004     black                       a pure black also called jet, ebony
11/15/2004     seal                          a dark brown color also called sable
11/16/2004     blue                         light to dark gray, a dilute of black
11/17/2004     lilac                         a pinkish gray color a dilute of blue, also called lavendar,
11/18/2004     chocolate                a medium to dark brown color, also called chestnut
11/19/2004     cinnamon                a red-brown color also called sorrel, auburn, caramel
11/22/2004     agouti                      individual hairs are banded with colors, also called ticked
11/23/2004     smoke                     pale fur with extensive dark tips, also called shaded, golden=light yellow with red tips, silver=pale gray with gray tips
11/24/2004     shell                        pale fur with dark on only extreme tips
11/29/2004     brown                    a dark brown caused by a reduction of black also called sepia, mink
11/30/2004     cameo                    a chinchilla with red tips
 

December 2004    "A horse of a different color"

Date                     Word                     Definition
12/1/2004             bay                     brown body with black mane,tail,muzzle, legs and ear tips
12/2/2004             gray                    white or gray hair on black skin
12/3/2004             white                   white hair on pink skin
12/6/2004             chestnut               reddish brown hair with mane,tail, legs, ears the same color as the body also called sorrel
12/7/2004             black                   pure black coats with no signs of other colors
12/8/2004             dun                      yellow to brown coat with darker legs, dark mane and tail and a dark stripe down the middle of the back
12/9/2004             buckskin              yellow to tan coat with black legs, mane, ears and tail and no stripe down the back
12/13/2004           palomino             gold colored coat with white to light cream mane and tail
12/14/2004           cremello               gold colored coat with white to light cream mane and tail, blue eyes - a dilute of palomino
12/15/2004           perlino                  gold colored coat with white to light cream mane and tail, blue eyes - a dilute of buckskin
12/16/2004           roan                     solid dark coat with single white hairs mixed in, mane and tail remain dark
12/17/2004           leopard                 large dark spots all over a lighter coat
12/20/2004           snowflake             large white spots all over a dark coat
12/21/2004           marble                  small patches of dark hair sprinkled on a light coat
12/22/2004           frost                      small patches of light hair sprinkled on a dark coat
12/23/2004           blanket                  white hair over hips and loins on a dark horse- with or without spots
12/24/2004           grullo                     mouse gray hair with dark dorsal stripe, stripes on shoulders, and black stripes on lower legs

January 2005    "How do you describe that dog?"

Date                     Word                 Definition
1/3/2005         solid                     a coat of a single color
1/4/2005         roan                     a pattern of intermingled white and colored hairs on the body
1/5/2005         ticked                   a pattern of small pigmented spots on a white or roan background
1/6/2005         belton                   ticked in the english setter
1/7/2005         bicolor                  black or brown with white (not tan)
1/10/2005       blue                      gray
1/11/2005       chocolate           brown ranging from light to reddish
1/12/2005       brindle                  a pattern of alternating stripes of yellow/black, red/black, cream/gray
1/13/2005       harlequin               a pattern of ragged black spots on a white background
1/14/2005       red                        a brown ranging from dark brown to reddish to dark orange
1/17/2005       blenheim                a red coat with white markings
1/18/2005       Irish spotting          a pattern of white markings -white undersides, white sides, white collar
1/19/2005       liver                       red
1/20/2005       mask                     a pattern where the face is pigmented black or dark brown
1/21/2005       merle                     a two-tone pattern which is swirled or patchy with or without white markings
1/24/2005       kisses                    a pattern with lighter markings, usually tan, on the eyebrows, nares, and ears
1/25/2005       tricolor                   a combination of white, black/brown and red in patches
1/26/2005       piebald                   random spots of color on a white coat
1/27/2005       dilution                   an effect on a coat color that causes it to be a paler shade
1/28/2005       eumelanin               a melanin pigment that results in a shade of black or brown coloration
1/31/2005       phaeomelanin          a melanin pigment that results in a shade of red, orange, gold or yellow coloration

February 2005    "What color is that rabbit?"

Date                     Word                     Definition
2/1/2005             black                       the hair shaft is dark black
2/2/2005             blue                         medium or dark gray
2/3/2005             seal                         dark (almost black) gray brown
2/4/2005             chocolate               deep dark brown hair
2/7/2005             red                          rich red-brown coat color
2/8/2005             orange                     light to bright orange coat color
2/9/2005             cinnamon                 rust or reddish brown hair color
2/10/2005           cream                      hair is pinkish beige to light tan
2/11/2005           lilac                          hair coat is pinkish pale gray
2/14/2005           pearl                        an undercoat color of light creamy gray
2/15/2005           fawn                        light to bright orange hair with a white underside
2/16/2005           black otter               black body with lighter underside, hair must be orange tinted at at the border of the black and lighter color
2/17/2005           sable                        head and ears are black-brown gradually shading to a body of light brown
2/18/2005           agouti                       a pattern with 3 bands of color on the hair shafts
2/21/2005           brown-gray agouti    blue at base of hair, charcoal in the middle, tan at the tip
2/22/2005           sandy                       agouti with reddish orange at base, beige at the middle, black tips, same as castor
2/23/2005           chinchilla                  agouti with dark gray or black at base, white at the middle, black tips
2/24/2005           ticking                      solid or tipped guard hairs different than the main coat throughout the coat
2/25/2005           blue steel                  medium or dark gray coat with light gray or tan guard hairs
2/28/2005           tortoiseshell              hair is light orange/yellow a gray undercoat

March 2005        "What color is that rat?"
Date                     Word                     Definition
3/1/2005             beige                    light warm tan, dark red eyes
3/2/2005             black                    deep lustrous black, devoid of rustiness or white hairs, black eyes
3/3/2005             brown                   solid dark brown, black eyes
3/4/2005             blue                      slate grey, as dark as possible with no brown patches or silvering, dark red or black eyes
3/7/2005             champagne           very light beige with a pinkish cast, with no suggestion of dullness or grayness, red eyes
3/8/2005             chocolate             deep rich chocolate brown, with no trace of redness, devoid of dinginess and silvering, black eyes
3/8/2005             coffee                  light brown, similar to coffee with cream; not to be confused with beige, dark red or black eyes
3/9/2005             lilac                     medium dove gray, mixed with brown, dark red or black eyes
3/10/2005           platinum              even dove gray, with no blue, devoid of dinginess or silvering, red to dark red eyes
3/11/2005           silver                  off white with a cool ice blue cast, red eyes
3/14/2005           mink                   even grey-brown, devoid of dinginess, silvering or patches, and having a distinct bluish sheen, black eyes
3/15/2005           powder blue       medium gray, lighter than slate gray, with no brown patches or silvering, red to dark red eyes
3/16/2005           russian blue         very dark slate gray with dark ticking throughout, black eyes
3/17/2005           white                  as white as possible, devoid of creamy tinge or staining, black eyes
3/18/2005           albino                 as white as possible, devoid of creamy tinge or staining, pink eyes
3/21/2005           hairless               hairless as possible; have bright translucent healthy skin, any color eyes
3/22/2005           agouti                 banded hair with dark gray at base, redish brown at middle, black tip, black eyes
3/23/2005           amber                 light golden orange, evenly interspersed with light hairs; belly color is light, but not white, red eyes
3/24/2005           fawn                 deep golden orange as dark as possible; belly color is slightly lighter, dark red eyes
3/25/2005           chinchilla           banded hair with dark gray at base, light gray at middle, black guard hairs throughout coat, black eyes
3/28/2005           himalayan         white coat with dark black-brown points (face, ears, tail, feet  & legs), any color eyes
3/29/2005           hooded            a light color coat with dark color on head, throat, chest, shoulders, and along spine, any color eyes
3/30/2005           bareback         a light color coat with dark color on head, throat, chest, and shoulders, any color eyes
3/31/2005           capped            a white rat with a dark color on the head from the ears to the curve of the jaw but not the chin, any color eyes
 

April 2005        "What does that word mean on the Vet Log form?"
Date                     Word                    Definition
4/1/2005             dermatitis            inflammation of the skin
4/4/2005             emaciation             excessive leanness of the body, a wasted condition
4/5/2005             exania                  prolapse of the rectum
4/6/2005             paraphimosis         retraction of the prepuce around the penis causing swelling
4/7/2005             hyperesthesia     abnormal increased sensitivity of the skin
4/8/2005             hyperactivity         a sustained increase above normal activity
4/11/2005           dyspnea              difficulty breathing
4/12/2005           anorexia               loss of appetite
4/13/2005           malocclusion      upper and lower incisors do not meet causing overgrowth of teeth and difficulty eatin/drinking
4/14/2005           dehydration         excessive loss of body water
4/15/2005           diarrhea             abnormal frequency and liquidity of fecal discharges
4/18/2005           lethargic              a condition of drowsiness ot indifference
4/19/2005           paresis               weakness and partial loss of voluntary muscle movement
4/20/2005           paralysis              complete loss of voluntary muscle movement
4/21/2005           hypothermia      low body temperature
4/22/2005           erythema             redness of the skin caused by congestion of the capillaries
4/25/2005           excoriation        superficial loss of skin such as that caused by excessive scratching
4/26/2005           pruitis                  itching, an unpleasant cutaneous sensation that provokes the desire to scratch or rub the skin
4/27/2005           conjunctivitis     inflammation of the conjunctiva
4/28/2005           blepharitis            inflammation of the eyelids
4/29/2005           alopecia             absence of hair from areas where it is normally present
 

May 2005    "I feel greasy."
Date                     Word                     Definition
5/2/2005             Cholesterol                 a fatlike monatomic alcohol, found in animal fats/oils.
5/3/2005             Cholesterosis                condition where cholesterol is deposited in tissues in abnormal quantities
5/4/2005             HDL                            High - density Lipoprotein, "good" cholesterol - carries cholesterol from arteries back to liver for recycling
5/5/2005             LDL                             Low - density Lipoprotein, "bad" cholesterol - can build up in arteries and increase risk of heart disease
5/6/2005             Cholesterin                 commercially prepared cholesterol used in the pharmaceutical/cosmetic industries
5/9/2005             Lipid                             organic substances insoluble in water, but soluble in fat solvents, have a greasy feel
5/10/2005           Cerumen                      a waxlike secretion found in the external ear
5/11/2005           Fatty acids                     a fatty acid is a long hydrocarbon chain capped by a carboxyl group (COOH), building block of triglycerides
5/12/2005           Essential fatty acids    fatty acids that the body cannot produce and must be provided in the diet
5/13/2005           Omega-3 fatty acids       volatile essential fatty acids found in fish
5/16/2005           Triglyceride                  three fatty acids bound to glycerol. Groups of triglycerides form fats
5/17/2005           Saturated fat                   solid or mostly solid at room temperature, the fatty acid hydrocarbon chain is saturated with hydrogen atoms
5/18/2005           Hydogenated fat          an oil that has been chemically processed to become more solid/stable at room temperature
5/19/2005           Trans-fatty acids             unsaturated fats are hydrogenated, rearranging & shifting the double bonds to convert to the trans configuration
5/20/2005           Unsaturated fat            liquid at room temperature, derived from plants, the fatty acid hydrocarbon chain has hydrogen atoms missing
5/23/2005           Monounsaturated fat       has one double bond instead of a hydrogen on the fatty acid hydrocarbon chain
5/24/2005           Polyunsaturated fat     has more than one double bond instead of a hydrogen on the fatty acid hydrocarbon chain
5/25/2005           Shea butter                    a fat extracted from the Shea tree nut from Africa- used as a moisturizer/in cosmetics
5/26/2005           Cocoa butter               a fat extracted from the ripe seed kernel of Theobroma cacao used as a moisturizer/in cosmetics
5/27/2005           Lanolin                          a purified fatlike substance from sheep's wool - used as an ointment base
5/30/2005           Petrolatum                  a purified mix of semisolid hydrocarbons from petroleum - used as an ointment base
5/31/2005           Oil                                a combustible substance in a liquid form from animals, minerals or vegetables
 

June 2005    "That's a fancy mouse!"
Date                     Word                     Definition
6/1/2005             black                      dark solid black, eye black
6/2/2005             blue                         medium slate gray, eye black
6/3/2005             chocolate                dark solid brown, eye black
6/6/2005             dove                        a light gray, eye pink
6/7/2005             fawn                        a dark tan, eye pink
6/8/2005             red                           a dark orange, eye black
6/9/2005             silver                       a solid even gray, also called pewter, eye pink or black
6/10/2005           lilac                           a solid pinkish pale gray, eye black
6/13/2005           white                        a solid white coat, pink or black eye
6/14/2005           albino                        a solid white coat, pink eye
6/15/2005           tan                           a pattern with a solid medium tan on the underside,
6/16/2005           dutch                        a pattern with spots covering cheeks, ears and rump extending to half the tail and hind legs
6/17/2005           even marked          a pattern of symmetrical spots of a darker color over the entire body
6/20/2005           broken                     a pattern of asymmetrical spots of a darker color over the entire body, a spot on one side of the muzzle required
6/21/2005           himalayan               a pattern on a white coat of a dark color on the face, ears, legs and tail
6/22/2005           rump white               any coat color with a white rump, hind legs and tail
6/23/2005           banded                    any coat color with a white band around the body, band should be unbroken and an even size all around
6/24/2005           agouti                        a pattern of color where the base of the hair is brown, the middle is yellow and the tip is black
6/27/2005           satin                         a coat texture of extreme silkiness and shine
6/28/2005           brindle                       a coat pattern of stripes, bars or bands in a color different from the coat, no white or patches of color permitted
6/29/2005           longhair                    a coat type where the hair is longer and appears fluffy, all colors recognized
6/30/2005           curly                          a coat type where the hair is curled or wavy
 

July 2005        "The Clotting Cascade"
Date                     Word                     Definition
7/1/2005             Hemostasis            process to arrest the flow of blood from vessels carrying blood under pressure
7/4/2005             Hemorrhage            bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.
7/5/2005             Hemophilia            inherited disorder of blood coagulation characterized by a permanent tendency to hemorrhage.
7/6/2005             Thrombocyte           non-nucleated disk-shaped cells found in the blood of all mammals involved in blood coagulation
7/7/2005             Vitamin K              a lipid cofactor that is required for normal blood clotting.
7/8/2005             Anticoagulants         agents that prevent blood clotting, natural occuring agents in the blood are only included when used as drugs
7/11/2005           Factor I                  plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin,composed of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains bound by
                                                          disulfide bonds.
7/12/2005           Factor II                 a plasma protein that is the inactive precursor of thrombin.
7/13/2005           Factor III              serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.
7/14/2005           Factor IV               essential for normal function of nerves, muscles, plays a role in blood coagulation and in enzymatic processes.
7/15/2005           Factor VII             plasma protein that is activated by tissue thromboplastin to form factor VIIa in the extrinsic pathway of blood
                                                          coagulation.
7/18/2005           Factor VIII             Factor VIII is made in the liver, acts in the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation, deficiency results in Hemophilia A.
7/19/2005           Factor IX               blood coagulation factor acting in the intrinsic pathway , deficiency results in hemophilia B (Christmas Disease).
7/20/2005           Factor X                 glycoprotein blood coagulation factor that can be activated to factor Xa by both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways
7/21/2005           Factor XI               blood coagulation factor involved in the intrinsic pathway, deficiency of factor XI is often called hemophilia C.
7/22/2005           Factor XII               blood coagulation factor activated by contact with the subendothelial surface of an injured vessel.
7/25/2005           Kallikrein              proteolytic enzymes of the serine endopeptidase family found in blood & urine, potent vasodilators, hypotensives,
7/26/2005           Prothrombin            plasma protein that is the inactive precursor of thrombin
7/27/2005           Thrombin              an enzyme formed from prothrombin that converts fibrinogin to fibrin.
7/28/2005           Fibrinogen               plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains
7/29/2005           Fibrin                     a protein derived from fibrinogen in the presence of thrombin, which forms part of the blood clot.
 

August 2005     "The Building blocks of life"
Date                     Word                     Definition
8/1/2005                DNA                     molecule that encodes genetic information, DNA is double-stranded held together by weak bonds between base
                                                            pairs
8/2/2005                double helix            the spiral shape that two linear strands of DNA assume when they join
8/3/2005                base pairs             adenine and thymine or guanine and cytosine held together by weak bonds (bonds hold the strands of DNA
                                                           together)
8/4/2005                base sequence         the order of nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule
8/5/2005                DNA fingerprint    unique pattern of DNA fragments identified by Southern hybridization or PCR
8/8/2005                DNA footprint         lab technique that uses gel electrophoresis to find out which parts of a DNA molecule have sites for proteins attachments
8/9/2005                DNA melting         denaturation of a DNA molecule with heat
8/10/2005             DNA sequence         the relative order of base pairs, whether in a fragment of DNA, a gene, a chromosome, or an entire genome
8/11/2005             DNase                    an enzyme which breaks the DNA molecule into smaller pieces (or oligonucleotides).
8/12/2005             DNA synthesizer      a machine which automatically makes short, artificial polynucleotides or oligonucleotides
8/15/2005             DNA excision        the removal of a damaged segment of a DNA molecule by a group of DNA repair enzymes
8/16/2005             DNA puff                an area on a chromosome where transcription of DNA into mRNA, or replication of DNA is occurring
8/17/2005             meiosis                   process where a single diploid cell becomes four haploid cells
8/18/2005             mitosis                     process of nuclear division in cells that produces two cells from one cell, which are genetically identical to each other
8/19/2005             interphase              the period in the cell cycle when the cell is not undergoing mitosis, it is growing, increasing in size
8/22/2005             prophase                 the first stage of mitosis, individual chromosomes become visible as they condense to thick structures
8/23/2005             metaphase             the stage in mitosis after prophase during which chromosomes are aligned along a single plane in the center of
                                                            the cell
8/24/2005             anaphase                 the stage in mitosis following metaphase, paired chromatids separate & move to opposite ends of the cell
8/25/2005             apoptosis               programed cell death as signalled by the nuclei in normally functioning human and animal cells
8/26/2005             hypoploidy              cell or organism which has less than the normal total number of chromosomes
8/29/2005             hyperploidy           cell or organism which has more than the normal total number of chromosomes
8/30/2005             hyperplasia              condition where an organ or tissue becomes larger due to an increase in cell numbers
8/31/2005             binary fission        division of a cell into two daughter cells after DNA replication and nuclear division. A form of asexual
                                                            reproduction.

September 2005    "What class of drugs are they?"
Date             Word                     Definition
9/1/2005       antibiotic               A substance that is able to kill or inhibit the growth of certain microorganisms.
9/2/2005       NSAID                  A large group of anti-inflammatory agents that work by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins
9/6/3005       analgesic               A drug used to relieve pain.
9/7/2005       sedative                  A medication with tranquilizing properties that can also promote sleep.
9/8/2005       tranquilizer            A medication with a calming, soothing effect that relieves anxiety
9/9/2005       barbiturate              A widely used group of addictive sedative drugs, some with anesthetic properties made from barbituric acid.
9/12/2005     opiate                    An addictive drug containing or derived from opium, some have analgesic/anesthetic properties.
9/13/2005     narcotic                   An agent that produces insensibility or stupor, applied especially to the opioids
9/14/2005     anesthetic              A drug that causes unconsciousness or a loss of general sensation.
9/15/2005     adjuvant                  A substance when added to a medicine, speeds or improves its action
9/16/2005     antacid                   A substance that counteracts or neutralizes acidity, usually of the stomach.
9/19/2005     decongestant           A decongestant is a drug (such as pseudoephedrine) which relieves nasal congestion
9/20/2005     antihistamine         A drug that relieves allergy symptoms by blocking production or effects of histamines
9/21/2005     anticonvulsant          An agent that prevents or relieves convulsions
9/22/2005     antiseptic               A compound that prevents infection or decay by killing a wide range of pathogenic microbes.
9/23/2005     antiviral                   Drugs that stimulate cellular defenses against viruses
9/26/2005     anthelmintic           An agent that is destructive to worms, used for removing internal parasitic worms
9/27/2005     fungicide                 An agent or drug that destroys fungi
9/28/2005     antiemetic              A medicine that prevents or alleviates nausea and vomiting
9/29/2005     antitussive               A compound that prevents or controls coughs
9/30/2005     placebo                  A medicinal preparation having no pharmacological activity against the patients illness
 

October 2005    "The serology panel tests for...?"
Date                Word                        Definition
10/3/2005     Tyzzer's disease     An acute disease of laboratory animals caused by the bacterium Bacillius piliformis
10/4/2005     MHV                       Mouse Hepatitis Virus, a coronavirus that causes fatal hepatitis in weanlings; otherwise causes inapparent infection
10/5/2005     Ectromelia              Caused by the poxvirus, is activated by stress. Rare in US usually introduced through imported mice, tumor cell lines
10/6/2005     Reovirus-3                Respiratory enteric orphan virus (family Reoviridae) an RNA virus, found in the respiratory and enteric tract.
10/7/2005     PVM                        Pneumonia Virus of Mice, an RNA virus from the  family Paramyxoviridae
10/10/2005   Sendai Virus              Parainfluenza virus type 1 (Paramyxoviridae). Can cause fatal pneumonia in mice & respiratory disease in humans
10/11/2005   TMEV/GDVII        Theiler's mouse encephalomyelitis virus, an RNA virus (family Picornaviridae) transmitted by the fecal-oral route.
10/12/2005   Polyoma Virus          A papovavirus (genus Polyomavirus, family Papovaviridae), a DNA tumor virus. Transmitted by contaminated tumor cell cultures
10/13/2005   Mouse Adenovirus  A non-enveloped virus infecting mice, infections may be asymptomatic or cause a variety of illnesses
10/14/2005   MCMV                      Mouse Cytomegalovirus, a DNA virus from the family Herpesviridae, found in wild mice, transmitted by saliva, persistant
                                                        infection
10/17/2005   EDIM                     Epizootic Diarrhea of Infant Mice, a rotavirus that causes disease in suckling mice. No treatment, prevent with filter
                                                     bonnets
10/18/2005   Hantaan Virus          A hantavirus infecting rodents and humans who come in contact with it, causes hemorrhagic fever in humans
10/19/2005   CARB                    Cilia-Associated Respiratory Bacillus, gram-negative bacteria found between the cilia lining the respiratory tract
10/20/2005   LCM                       Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus, an arenavirus, part of the lcm-lassa complex viruses, non-clinical infection in mice but viral
                                                    meningitis in humans
10/21/2005   MPV                      Mouse Parvovirus
10/24/2005   MVM                     Minute Virus of Mice is a DNA virus (Parvovirus), highly contagious, shed in urine & feces. Common contaminant tumor cell lines
10/25/2005   MTV                      Mouse Thymic Virus, considered a herpes virus, causes necrosis of thymus, lymph nodes, and spleen. Will not grow
                                                    in cell culture
10/26/2005   H. hep                     Helicobacter hepaticus, genus of gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacteria that causes chronic active hepatitis
10/27/2005   M. pul                    Mycoplasma pulmonis is gram-negative bacteria (family Mycoplasmataceae) affects middle ear and respiratory tract
10/28/2005   M. arth                   Mycoplasma arthritidis is gram-negative bacteria (family Mycoplasmataceae) causes no lesions in subclinical infections
10/31/2005   K Virus                  A small DNA virus (family Papovaviridae), that causes pneumonia in young mice

November 2005     "How do you get this medicine in?"
Date                Word                    Definition
11/1/2005     prescription            a written direction for the preparation & administration of a remedy
11/2/2005     solution                   a liquid preparation of one or more substances dissolved in water
11/3/2005     suspension            a preparation of a finely divided drug incorporated throughout the body of a liquid
11/4/2005     instillation                administration of a liquid drop by drop, usually onto the surface of an organ or structure
11/7/2005     emulsion                a preparation of one liquid distributed a small globules throughout the body of a second liquid
11/8/2005     encapsulation          enclosing a substance into a capsule to protect or delay the release of the substance
11/9/2005     compound              to combine two or more substances into a homogenous mixture for administration
11/10/2005   atomization             the act of breaking a liquid up into a spray
11/11/2005   nebulization           treatment using a spray
11/14/2005   ingestion                 taking medicine into the body by mouth
11/15/2005   insufflation            the act of blowing a powder, vapor,gas or air into a body cavity
11/16/2005   infusion                  the introduction of a substance other than blood into a vein, flows in by gravity
11/17/2005   injection               the introduction of a substance into a vein or tissue, forced in by a syringe
11/18/2005   infiltrate                 the introduction of a substance into the spaces between cells of a tissue
11/21/2005   inunction              applying an ointment onto the skin with friction
11/22/2005   clyster                   an injection into the rectum, an enema
11/23/2005   absorption           the uptake of substances into or across tissues
11/28/2005   inhalation               drawing air or a substance into the lungs for absorbtion into the blood
11/29/2005   aerosolation         the dispersing of a substance as a fine mist
11/30/2005   plaster                   a paste-like mixture that is spread over the skin and has adhesive properties at body temperatures

December 2005       "Some of our favorite words."
Date               Word                           Definition
12/1/2005      Mimosa                       any variety of tropical herbs/shrubs/trees having compound leaves sensitive to touch/light
12/2/2005      Epistaxis                        nose bleed
12/5/2005      Syncope                       temporary loss of consciousness due to cerebral ischemia - a faint
12/6/2005      Erudite                          educated and well read, scholarly
12/7/2005      Onomatopoeia             the use of words whose meaning suggests it's sense (buzz, clank…)
12/8/2005      Emesis                          vomiting
12/9/2005      Ischemia                     deficiency of blood in a part due to functional constriction or actual obstruction
12/12/2005    Anthropomorphisim      atributing of human form or character to nonhuman subjects
12/13/2005    Sphygmomanometer  an instrument for measuring blood pressure in the arteries
12/14/2005    Wisps                           small handfuls, thin strips or fragments
12/15/2005    Sphincter                     a ringlike band of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural orifice
12/16/2005    Plasminogen                  the inactive precursor of plasmin to which it is converted by the proteolytic action of urokinase
12/19/2005    Flatulence                   presence of excessive amounts of air/gases in the intestine or stomach leading to distention
12/20/2005    Truculent                      combative, pugnacious, belligerent, cruelly fierce, savage, heinous, ferocious
12/21/2005    Serendipity                 the discovery of important fact or object by accident, which was not the original objective of the quest
12/22/2005    Crapulent                     due to excessive eating or drinking
 

January 2006    "My Gandmother calls it..."

Date             Word                         Definition
1/2/2006         felon                       An abscess involving the pulp of the distal phalanx of the finger
1/3/2006         apoplexy                  Paralysis caused by a blood clot in the brain (stroke)
1/4/2006         bad blood                Syphilis
1/5/2006         carbuncle                 Cystic acne
1/6/2006         consumption           Pulmonary Tuberculosis
1/9/2006         cramp colic              Appendicitis
1/10/2006       dropsy                    Congestive heart failure
1/11/2006       grippe                      Influenza
1/12/2006       lockjaw                   Tetanus
1/13/2006       mormal                    Gangrene
1/16/2006       furuncle                  Abscess caused by Staphylococcal bacteria
1/17/2006       quincy                      Tonsillitis
1/18/2006       marasmus               Malnutrition, usually applied to infants and young children
1/19/2006       lumbago                    Back pain
1/20/2006       costiveness             Constipation
1/23/2006       coryza                      Common cold
1/24/2006       green fever             Anemia
1/25/2006       hip gout                    Osteomyelitis
1/26/2006       morphew                 Scurvy sores
1/27/2006       variola                      Smallpox
1/20/2006       calentura                 Sunstroke
1/31/2006       ague                         Malarial fever
 

February 2006  "There's a fungus among us!"

Date             Word                         Definition
2/1/2006         fungus                A general term used to denote a group of eukaryotic protists having no chlorophyll and a rigid cell wall
2/2/2006         fungi                    The plural of fungus
2/3/2006         yeast                  A general term for single-celled rounded fungi that reproduce by budding.
2/6/2006         mould                 A filamentous fungus
2/7/2006         chitin                 A cross linked polymer of N acetyl D glucosamine that is the major structural component of fungal cell walls
2/8/2006         mannans             Mannose containing polysaccharides found in yeasts a wall constituent.
2/9/2006         cellulose            A straight chain polysaccharide, a major component of plant cell walls, found as microfibrils in orthogonal layers.
2/10/2006       hyphae               The fine, branching tubes which make up the body of a multicellular fungus
2/13/2006       mycelium          Mass of hyphae that constitutes the body or vegetative part of a fungus
2/14/2006       fruiting body       Macroscopic reproductive structure produced that are distinct in size, shape, coloration for each species of fungi.
2/15/2006       spore                A resistant dehydrated form of reproductive cell produced under conditions of environmental stress.
2/16/2006       dermatophyte     Pathogenic fungus infesting the skin
2/17/2006       ringworm          A fungal skin infection characterized by a scaly red ring on the skin accompanied by itching
2/20/2006       DTM                 DermatophyteTest Medium, a media for growth of aerobic pathogenic dermatophytes that changes color in their presence
2/21/2006       fungus ball        A compact mass of fungal mycelium and cellular debris, 1 to 5 cm in diameter, residing within a lung cavity
2/22/2006       fungicide            An agent that kills fungi
2/23/2006       fungistatic         Inhibiting the growth of fungi
2/24/2006       fungitoxic           Poisonous or in any way deleterious to the growth of fungi.
2/27/2006       sclerotium        The hard, thick-walled, black mass formed by certain fungi (like ergot of rye)
2/28/2006       piedra               A fungal disease of the hair where the hair shafts bear white or black hard gritty nodular masses of fungi

March 2006   "Can You Hear Me Now?"

Date             Word                                     Definition
3/1/2006       pinna                               external ear
3/2/2006       meatus                             external ear opening or canal
3/3/2006       tympanum                       eardrum,  separates the middle ear from the external ear
3/6/2006       ossicles                            the three small auditory bones in the middle ear connecting the eardrum to the inner ear
3/7/2006       malleus                           the outermost of the 3 auditory bones (called the hammer) attached to the eardrum by a long process (a
                                                             handle-manubrium)
3/8/2006       incus                                the center ossicle in the ear lying between the malleus and stapes.
3/9/2006       stapes                             the last ossicle of the middle ear
3/10/2006     eustachian tube                a tube connecting the pharynx to the middle ear space for equalizing pressure across the eardrum.
3/13/2006     bony labyrinth               cochlea, vestibule, & semicircular canals are within the otic capsule of the temporal bone
3/14/2006     cochlea                           the internal ear part concerned with hearing, it forms the anterior part of the labyrinth, is anterior to the vestibule.
3/15/2006     vestibule                        central area of labyrinth into which 3 semicircular canals and cochlear canal open, involved in sense of balance
3/16/2006     semicircular canals           3 canals of the bony labyrinth, set at right angles to each other
3/17/2006     perilymph                      the fluid within the bony labyrinth which surrounds the membranous labyrinth of the internal ear
3/20/2006     membranous labyrinth     complex  w/ endolymph suspended within the bony labyrinth; made of cochlear & vestibular labyrinth auditory nerve
                                                            terminates.
3/21/2006     endolymph                     the watery fluid contained in the membranous labyrinth of the internal ear.
3/22/2006     organ of corti                   the organ of the membranous labyrinth that contains the special sensory receptors for hearing.
3/23/2006     hearing                           the sensation of sound
3/24/2006     tinnitis                              a ringing or buzzing in the ears
3/27/2006     audiogram                      a test of hearing at a variety of sound frequencies
3/28/2006     earache                            pain in the ear
3/29/2006     otitis media                    infection and inflammation of the middle ear space and ear drum.
3/30/2006     myringotomy                   the removal of fluid from the middle ear by an incision in the eardrum, ear tubes placed to maintain drainage
3/31/2006     deafness                        lack or loss of the sense of hearing can be complete or partial

April 2006        "Twitterpation"

Date              Word                         Definition
4/3/2006     gamete            a reproductive element, one of 2 cells % (sperm) & & (ova) whose union is necessary to generate a new individual
4/4/2006     gonad               a gamete producing gland; an ovary or testis
4/5/2006     ovary               the female gonad where ova are formed, normally occur in pairs
4/6/2006     ovum                 the female reproductive cell which when fertilized develops into a new member of the same species
4/7/2006     ova                   the plural of ovum
4/10/2006   egg                    an animal ovum or female reproductive cell that is extruded from the maternal body before development/fertilization
4/11/2006   oocyte              the developing egg cell in the ovary
4/12/2006   ovulation            the discharge of the ooocyte from the vessicular follicle of the ovary
4/13/2006   gestation          the time between conception and birth when the embryo develops
4/17/2006   pregnant            condition of having a developing embryo in the body
4/18/2006   gravid              pregnant, containing developing young
4/19/2006   pseudocyesis    a false pregnancy, where the body mimics changes that occur with pregnancy
4/20/2006   parturition       the act of giving birth
4/21/2006   kindle                the act of giving birth for rabbits, fox
4/24/2006   whelping          the act of giving birth for dogs, wolves, and other canids
4/25/2006   queening            the act of giving birth for cats
4/26/2006   altricial             birth or hatching in helpless condition, requiring parental care.
4/27/2006   precocial           young that require little or no parental care after birth or hatching
4/28/2006   wean                when young are no longer dependant on the mother for milk

May 2006       "Even the little ones have special names."

Date             Word                    Definition
5/1/2006         lamb                 a young sheep
5/2/2006         piglet                 a young swine
5/3/2006         foal                   a young horse
5/4/2006         chick                  a young chicken or any young bird
5/5/2006         calf                    a young cow, hippo, whale, rhino, elephant
5/8/2006         kitten                  a young cat
5/9/2006         kid                     a young goat
5/10/2006       puppy                 a young dog
5/11/2006       pup                     young of various other canine animals
5/12/2006       bunny                  a young rabbit
5/15/2006       leveret               a young hare
5/16/2006       fry                       young or small fish, bees
5/17/2006       parr or smoult   a young salmon
5/18/2006       tadpole               a young frog before metamorphosis
5/19/2006       fawn                   a young deer
5/22/2006       eaglet                  a young eagle
5/23/2006       cygnet               a young swan
5/24/2006       poult                   a young turkey
5/25/2006       gosling              a young goose
5/26/2006       duckling              a young duck
5/29/2006       joey                   a young kangaroo
5/30/2006       cub                    a young lion, bear, fox, or shark
5/31/2006       dray                  a young squirrel

June 2006        "You are what you eat."

Date             Word                     Definition
6/1/2006     Appetite                        Natural recurring desire for food
6/2/2006     Diet                                Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal
6/5/2006     Soft Diet                       A normal diet limited to soft foods for those who have difficulty chewing or swallowing
6/6/2006     Dietary Suppliments        Products in capsule, tablet or liquid form that provide essential nutrients
6/7/2006     Dietary Fats                 Fats present in food, especially in animal products
6/8/2006     Dietary Fiber                  The remnants of plant cell walls that are resistant to digestion by the alimentary enzymes of man
6/9/2006     Dietary Protein             Proteins present in food from plant and animal sources
6/12/2006   Dietary Carbohydrate     Carbohydrates present in food:digestible sugars & starches, indigestible cellulose & dietary fibers
6/13/2006   Anorexia                       The uncontrolled lack or loss of the appetite for food
6/14/2006   Breatharian                     A person who attempts to get all their nutritional needs from the air
6/15/2006   Vegan                           A vegetarian who consumes no animal or dairy products of any type
6/16/2006   Orthorexia                      An extreme desire to eat only healthy food.
6/19/2006   Vegetarian                    One who holds that vegetables and fruits are the only proper food for man
6/20/2006   Pescetarian                     A person who supplements a vegetarian diet with fish
6/21/2006   Flexitarian                    A person who eats a mostly vegetarian diet, but who is also willing to eat meat or fish occasionally
6/22/2006   Rawist                           A person who eats only unprocessed, unheated, and uncooked food, especially organic fruits, nuts, vegetables, and grains.
6/23/2006   Carnivore                     An animal that eats flesh
6/26/2006   Herbivore                      An animal that consumes herbaceous vegetation
6/27/2006   Omnivore                     An animal that eats all kinds of plants and animals
6/28/2006   Insectivore                     Mammals which feed principally upon insects
6/29/2006   Gastronaut                   An adventurous eater
6/30/2006   Gourmet                        One who appreciates and is knowledgeable about well-prepared food, fine wines, and the like
 

July 2006     "Who is it named after?"

Date             Word                         Definition
7/3/2006     Bang's Disease               Bovine Brucellosis caused by Brucella abortus;characterized by abortion late in pregnancy
7/4/2006     Berger's Disease               A form of glomerulonephritis that results from the deposition of circulating IgA antibody in the kidney tissues
7/5/2006     Andersen's Disease        Familial cirrhosis of the liver with storage of abnormal glycogen
7/6/2006     Head's Areas                    Area's of skin exhibiting reflex hyperesthesia and hyperalgesia due to visceral disease
7/7/2006     Hellin's Law                   1 in 89 pregancies results in twins, 1 in 89x89 results in triplets, 1 in 89x89x89 results in quadruplets
7/10/2006   Battle's Sign                      Postauricular (behind the ear) ecchymosis in cases of fracture of the base of the skull
7/11/2006   Allen's Test                    A test for radial or ulnar patency
7/12/2006   Stewart's Test                  Estimation of the amount of collateral circulation, in case of an aneurysm of the main artery of a limb
7/13/2006   Western Blot                 A technique similar to Southern blotting, though it is used for proteins
7/14/2006   Vogt's Syndrome              A type of cerebral palsy manifested predominantly as bilateral involuntary movements
7/17/2006   Phillip's Catheter           A catheter with a filiform guide for the urethra
7/18/2006   Donohue's Syndrome       A congenital form of dwarfism characterised by extreme growth retardation, endocrine disorders, and emaciation
7/19/2006   Schroeder's Operation  Excision of diseased endocervical mucosa
7/20/2006   Fletcher Factor                A plasma protein which is the precursor of kallikrein
7/21/2006   Raji Cell                        A cell of a cultured line of lymphoblastoid cells derived from a Burkitt's lymphoma
7/24/2006   Schafer's Method            An obsolete method of resuscitation in cases of drowning or asphyxia
7/25/2006   Terry's Syndrome        A bilateral retinopathy occurring in premature infants treated with excessively high concentrations of oxygen
7/26/2006   Budde Process               A method of milk sterilization
7/27/2006   Peer Group                  Group composed of associates of same species, approximately the same age, and usually of similar rank
7/28/2006   Saralasin                        A highly specific competitive inhibitor of angiotensin II.
7/30/2006   Harris' Lines                Dense lines parallel to the growth plates of long bones on radiographs

August 2006   "We all want to win the immunity challenge."

Date                 Word             Definition
8/1/2006     antiserum                 Serum containing immunoglobulins against specific antigens
8/2/2006     immunoglobulins        Any of the structurally related glycoproteins that function as antibodies
8/3/2006     antibodies                Protein molecules produced by the B-cells as a primary immune defense
8/4/2006     B-cells                      A type of white blood cell that produces proteins to fight off infections, the precursors of antibody-forming plasma cells
8/7/2006     T-cells                     A lymphocyte which undergoes a developmental stage in the thymus
8/8/2006     antigen receptor        The specific antigen-binding receptor on T or B lymphocytes
8/9/2006     determinant             Part of the antigen molecule which binds to an antibody-combining site or to a receptor on T cells
8/10/2006   antigens                     Substances that are capable of producing an immune response
8/11/2006   hapten                      A compound, usually of low molecular weight, that is not itself immunogenic
8/14/2006   adjuvant                    Substance added to a vaccine to improve the immune response so that less vaccine is needed to produce a non-specific stimulator
8/15/2006   carrier                     Large immunogenic particle to which an antigenic determinant is attached, allowing the determinant to become
                                                    immunogenic
8/16/2006   allergen                     An antigen responsible for producing allergic reactions by inducing IgE formation
8/17/2006   antigenicity              The ability of a substance to trigger an immune response in a particular organism
8/18/2006   immunocompetence   The body's ability to develop an immune response to infection or disease
8/21/2006   xenoantigen             An antigen found in more than one species
8/22/2006   serology                    A blood test that detects the presence of antibodies to a particular antigen
8/23/2006   complement             A series of serum proteins involved in the mediation of immune reactions
8/24/2006   vaccine                      A substance used to induce the formation of antibodies or immunity against a pathogen
8/25/2006   attenuated                To reduce the infectivity of a pathogenic microorganism
8/28/2006   inactivated vaccine     Vaccine where infectious components have been destroyed without affecting the immunogenicity
8/29/2006   passive immunity     Resistance to disease an individual achieves thru antibodies from an immune donor
8/30/2006   active immunity          Resistance to disease an individual achieves thru antibodies produced after infection or vaccination
8/31/2006   biozzi mice               Any genetic line of mice which has been bred to have unusually high or unusually low antibody responses to various antigens

Sepember 2006   Are you cultured?

Date                 Word                             Definition
9/1/2006         culture                            to grow in vitro
9/4/2006         continuous culture            a culture in liquid medium under constant conditions& nutrient supply so to grow an extended period of time
9/5/2006         cell line                           a permanently established cell culture that proliferates indefinitely given appropriate fresh medium &space
9/6/2006         cell lineage                       the lineage of a cell relates to its derivation from the undifferentiated tissues of the embryo.
9/7/2006         cell strain                        cells adapted to culture, but with finite division potential
9/8/2006         Hayflick's limit                  the limit of human cell division in subcultures; such cells will divide only about 50 times before dying out
9/11/2006       tissue culture                  technique of cell culture, using cells dispersed from tissues or distant descendants of such cells
9/12/2006       primary cell culture           the cells taken from a tissue source and their progeny grown in culture before subdivision and transfer to a sub culture
9/13/2006       subculture                      a culture made by transferring to a fresh medium microorganisms from a previous culture
9/14/2006       anchorage dependence     the necessity for attachment (and spreading) in order that a cell will grow and divide in culture.
9/15/2006       lag phase                        the initial growth phase of a culture, during which cell number remains relatively constant prior to rapid growth
9/18/2006       acceleration phase            the time when the culture is starting to grow at an increasing rate
9/19/2006       log phase                        the phase of vigorous growth during which cell number doubles every 20-30 minutes
9/20/2006       death phase                     the final growth phase in a culture, during which nutrients have been depleted and cell number decreases
9/21/2006       clones                             a group of cells derived from a single ancestor
9/22/2006       colony                             a group of identical cells (clones) derived from a single parent cell
9/25/2006       pure culture                   a culture containing a single kind of microorganism or cell
9/26/2006       inoculum                         cells added to start a culture or, in the case of viruses, viruses added to infect a culture of cells
9/27/2006       cell line rights               ownership of a new organism entity, any organism can be patented if it has been manipulated to do something
                                                             useful
9/28/2006       frozen stock                    cells are frozen (in liquid nitrogen) so that experiments are all carried out on cells of comparable passage number.
9/29/2006       passage                         the number of times a cell line has been subcultured

October 2006   Toxicology is NOT a dirty word!

Date                 Word                             Definition
10/2/2006         Toxicology                 the scientific study of the chemistry, effects and treatment of poisonous substances
10/3/2006         Neurotoxicology          the study of adverse change in structure/chemistry/function of the nervous system after exposure to chemical/biological agent
10/4/2006         Pharmacokinetics      the study of the action of a drug in the body over a period of time
10/5/2006         Carcinogenicity            the ability or degree of ability of a substance to induce cancer in a test subject
10/6/2006         Teratogenicity           the ability or degree of a substance to induce physical defects in offspring in utero
10/9/2006         FETAX                       Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay Xenopus, a 96 hr non-mammalian developmental toxicity screening test
10/10/2006       toxicity                       any adverse effects of a chemical on a living organism, the capacity to cause injury
10/11/2006       toxigenicity                   the degree to which an organism is able to poison/cause illness in another organism.
10/12/2006       toxin                           general term for any poisonous substance
10/13/2006       toxoid                          a toxin modified so that it is no longer poisonous but is still able to induce antibody formation
10/16/2006       antitoxin                     a passive immunizing agent to neutralize a specific bacterial toxin
10/17/2006       acute toxicity test          establishes the concentration required to kill a set proportion of test organisms within a short time
10/18/2006       chronic toxicity test    reveals the effects of a sublethal concentration applied throughout all or part of the life cycle
10/19/2006       lethal dose                    amount, or dosage, of a toxin necessary to cause death
10/20/2006       LD-50                         amount, or dosage, of a toxin necessary to kill 50% of the experimental subjects
10/23/2006       LC-50                         concentration of a substance to cause the death of 50% of the experimental subjects
10/24/2006      ADME/PK                  absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion/pharmacokinetics -addresses how/how much/how fast a chemical
                                                            got to the site of action
10/25/2006       FDP                            Fixed Dose Procedure clear toxic signs are observed at fixed dose levels, death is not the endpoint
10/26/2006       antagonistic effect     a biologic response to exposure to multiple substances that is less than expected effects of the individual
                                                            substances added together
10/27/2006       additive effect              a biologic response to exposure to multiple substances that equals the sum of responses of all the individual substances
                                                           added together
10/30/2006       absorption                 the process of taking in, the process of a substance getting into the body through eyes, skin, lungs, intestine,
                                                           stomach
10/31/2006       antidote                      a substance for counteracting a poison

November 2006    Contranyms aka Antagonyms or Autoantonyms - one word with two opposite meanings

Date                 Word                             Definition
11/1/2006     Bound         in the construction bound for, it means moving towards someplace as in "we were bound for glory'
                                        as an adjective alone, it means tied up, secure, unable to move as in "we were bound hand and foot"
11/2/2006     Cleave        verb meaning to seal together as in "you will become man and wife and cleave only to each other"
                                        verb meaning to cut apart as in "Moses used his staff to cleave the rock in half"
11/3/2006     Buckle       verb of the noun buckle, it means to secure, tighten, hold as in "buckle up, the elephant is moving"
                                        verb it means to weaken, collapse as in "the bridge began to buckle as the elephant crossed"
11/6/2006     Citation       a noun meaning an award for doing good as in "she received the Good Citizen citation for volunteering"
                                        a noun meaning a penalty for doing wrong as in "he had 20 speeding citations"
11/7/2006     Clip            the verb meaning attach together as in "clip these papers and give them to the boss"
                                        the verb meaning cut off as in "please clip the hair in your nose"
11/8/2006     Custom       as a noun, it means usual, conventional as in "our custom is to serve cake on birthdays"
                                        as an adjective, it means unique as in "the custom bike was a perfect birthday gift"
11/9/2006     Dust           the verb meaning to remove dust as in "I must dust the furniture before guests arrive"
                                        the verb meaning to apply dust as in "the police began to dust for fingerprints"
11/10/2006   Fast             as an adverb, it means to move or do quickly as in "the mouse was so fast we couldn't catch it"
                                        as an adjective it means to not move as in "he stood fast in fear of the mouse"
11/13/2006   Left            as a past tense verb, it means to have gone as in "he left immediately after dinner"
                                        as an adjective; it means remaining as in "all he left on his plate were the bones"
11/14/2006   Scan            a verb meaning to examine closely as in "scan the horizon for any signs of tornadoes"
                                        a verb meaning to glance at hastily as in "I'll scan the front page and read the rest after work"
11/15/2006   Bolt            a verb meaning to leave quickly as in "the arrival of her father caused the young man to bolt for the door"
                                        a verb meaning to be fixed in place as in "bolt the door so my father can't come in"
11/16/2006   Oversight     noun of oversee meaning watchful control as in "the oversight committee allowed the experiment"
                                        noun form of overlook meaning something not noticed as in "the oversight lead to an OSHA fine"
11/17/2006   Handicap    noun meaning an advantage in sports as in "the handicap of the bowler made him a formidable opponent"
                                         noun meaning a disadvantage as in "her only handicap in getting a date was her thick glasses"
11/20/2006   Bill               monetary notes, indicating money possessed as in "he had a $100 bill in his wallet"
                                         refers to statements of debt, indicating money owed as in "the casino hotel presented him with a bill"
11/21/2006   Model         an archtype, example as in "the car show model was so futuristic as to be impractical"
                                         a replica, copy as in "the model of the courthouse was complete even to the pidgeons on the roof"
11/22/2006   Puzzle          a verb meaning to pose a problem as in "the puzzle of the origin of the universe has not been solved"
                                         a verb meaning to solve a problem as in "I won't do your math for you, you'll have to puzzle it out yourself"
11/27/2006   Seed            a verb meaning to remove seeds as in "please seed the watermelon before adding it to the salad"
                                         a verb meaning to add seeds as in "before you seed the lawn, you must remove the rocks"
11/28/2006   Screen          a verb meaning to shield/conceal as in "she tried to screen the children from the intruders"
                                         a verb meaning to show/view as in " we will screen the new movie next weekend"
11/29/2006   Temper       a verb meaning to soften/mollify as in "he tempered the punishment by promising a trip to the zoo"
                                         a verb meaning to strengthen as in "to temper the sword, the blade was heated"
11/30/2006   Quantum      an adjective meaning very small as in "quantum physics examines particles so small we can't see them"
                                         an adjective meaning very large as in "a quantum leap in peace occurred when she decided to forgive"

December 2006  Staying Alive!

Date             Word             Definition
12/1/2006     agar                        A gelatinous extract from red algae most frequently used as a culture medium, especially for bacteria
12/4/2006     blood agar               An agar-based medium enriched with sterile, defibinated blood used for primary plating and subculturing
12/5/2006     broth                      A liquid medium containing a variety of nutrients which is used to grow cultures
12/6/2006     basal medium           Unsupplemented medium that promotes growth of many types of microorganisms
12/7/2006     complex medium    A medium whose precise chemical composition is unknown
12/8/2006     defined medium        Cell culture medium in which all components are known
12/11/2006   enriched medium    A growth medium which contains extra unusual nutrients or contains higher concentrations of regular nutrients
12/12/2006   growth medium         A synthetic medium which is filled with nutrients necessary to the growth of microorganisms or cells being cultured in the lab
12/13/2006   minimal medium     The simplest tissue culture medium that will support the proliferation of normal cells
12/14/2006   complete medium      Growth medium that supplies all the nutrients/organic compounds necessary for growth leaving nothing for the cell to synthesize
12/15/2006   selective medium    A medium which allows the growth of certain types of microorganisms in preference to others
12/18/2006   culture media            Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells
12/19/2006   gelatin                     Heat denatured collagen protein used in culture medium
12/20/2006   auxostat                    A system for a continuous culture in which a component of the system is set and the other parameters are adjusted
12/21/2006   enrichment culture  Use of selective culture media and incubation conditions to isolate microorganisms directly from nature
12/22/2006   fetal calf serum          The serum originating from embryonic calves providing growth hormones and other growth factors to culture media

January 2007    I'm Protected

Date                 Word                     Definition
1/2/2007     PPE                            Personal Protective Equipment
1/3/2007     OSHA                        Occupational Safety and Health Administration enforces minimum health & safety standards
1/4/2007     Biohazards                  Hazard to humans or the environment resulting from biological agents
1/5/2007     Chemical hazards        Hazard to humans or the environment resulting from chemical agents
1/8/2007     Particulate mask          A mask used for filtration of tiny suspended solid or liquid particles in the air made of dense, fiber mesh
1/9/2007     Respirator                   A protective mask with a filter; protects the face and lungs against poisonous gases
1/10/2007   Face shield                  Made of transparent or tinted plastic and designed to protect the face or eyes from splash or debris
1/11/2007   Goggles                      A type of spectacle with auxiliary shields for protecting the eyes
1/12/2007   Safety Glasses            Eye protection against flying debris or against visible and near visible light or radiation.
1/15/2007   Nitrile                         A form of synthetic rubber copolymer acrylonitrile (ACN) and butadiene, is resistant to oil, fuel, and other chemicals
1/16/2007   Neoprene                   A synthetic rubber resistant to oils and aging used in waterproofing
1/17/2007   Latex                         A natural rubber made from a milky white liquid sap produced by some plants such as the rubber tree
1/18/2007   Vinyl                          A plastic made from a vinyl polymer, generally flexible and tough
1/19/2007   Radiation hazards       Hazards having harmful or injurious effects to humans and wildlife resulting from exposure to ionizing radiation
1/22/2007   Thermal hazards         Hazards to humans or the environment resulting from exposure to objects at temperature extremes
1/23/2007   Sharps hazards           Hazards to humans or the environment resulting from exposure to contaminated needles, stylets, glass etc.
1/24/2007   Auditory hazards        Hazards to humans or the environment resulting from noise levels and exposure time
1/25/2007   Earplugs                     Protective device that is meant to be inserted in the ear canal to protect the wearer's hearing from loud noises
1/26/2007   Acoustic earmuffs       Cups lined with sound-deadening material which are worn as hearing protection similar in appearance to headphones
1/29/2007   Ergonomic hazards     Hazard to humans resulting from  the relationship between workers and their environments
1/30/2007   MSDS                       Material Safety & Data Sheet
1/31/2007   OHP                         Occupational Health Program
 

February 2007   Our Profession's Words

Date             Word                 Definition
2/1/2007       ALAT             Assistant Laboratory Technician, the first level of certification
2/2/2007       LAT                Laboratory Animal Technician, the second level of certification
2/5/2007       LATG             Laboratory Animal Technologist, the third level of certification
2/6/2007       CMAR           Certified Manager of Animal Resources, a specialized level of certification
2/7/2007       DVM              Doctor of Veterinary Medicine
2/8/2007       RVT                Registered Veterinary Technician
2/9/2007       PI                    Principal Investigator, the person leading and responsible for the research project
2/12/2007     Ph.D.               Doctorate of Philosophy
2/13/2007     AALAS           American Association of Laboratory Animal Science
2/14/2007     AAALAC        Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International
2/15/2007     USDA             United States Department of Agriculture
2/16/2007     APHIS             Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, a branch of U. S. Department of Agriculture
2/19/2007     NIH                 National Institutes of Health, largest funding agency for research
2/20/2007     OLAW             Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare, part of NIH
2/21/2007     NABR             National Association for Biomedical Research
2/22/2007     AWA              Animal Welfare Act
2/23/2007     GLP               Good Laboratory Practices
2/26/2007     FDA               Food and Drug Administration
2/27/2007     DEA               Drug Enforcement Agency
2/28/2007     AVMA           American Veterinary Medical Association

March 2007    Cagewash Vocabulary or How to Talk Dirty

Date             Word                 Definition
3/1/2007     Sanitation             establishment of conditions favorable to health
3/2/2007     Disinfection           to free from pathogenic organisms or to render them inert
3/5/2007     Sterilization           the process of destroying all microorganisms and their pathogenic products
3/6/2007     Bacteriostatic        arresting the growth or multiplication of bacteria
3/7/2007     Bactericidal         capable of killing bacteria
3/8/2007     Autoclave             a machine for sterilizing materials with steam under pressure
3/9/2007     Rack washer         a large machine that accommodates animal housing racks for disinfection
3/12/2007   Bottle washer        a smaller machine that accommodates bottles and smaller materials for disinfection
3/13/2007   Tunnel washer       a machine that disinfects using a conveyor to move materials though stages of disinfection
3/14/2007   Dump station         a unit to contain debris generated by removing soiled bedding from cages
3/15/2007   Universal rack       a rack that can hold a variety of animal caging and maximizes loads in the washer
3/16/2007   Trap                      a basket, filter, mesh or U-pipe that prevents small debris from entering a system or gases from escaping
3/19/2007   Zerk                      a grease fitting, found on casters
3/20/2007   Coil                       a hose to deliver liquid or gas that is spring like to keep it out of the way.
3/21/2007   Emergency cable    a metal cable located inside the washer to allow for exit if trapped inside the machine
3/22/2007   Flat                        a plastic tray used to hold small items during the washing cycle
3/23/2007   Temp tape             an indicator placed on equipment washed to indicate proper temperature for disinfection is met
3/26/2007   Acid wash             a machine cycle where an acid is added to remove urine scale
3/27/2007   Alkaline wash        a machine cycle where alkaline detergent is used to disinfect plastic cages
3/28/2007   Temp guarantee     a setting on the machine that will not allow the cycle to continue until the temperature for disinfection is met
3/29/2007   Live steam             steam coming directly from a boiler under full pressure
3/30/2007   Spraydown            an area designed for spraying of liquids, usually a grated floor with a drain

April  2007    "A" Good Word to Know
Date                 Word                    Definition
4/2/2007         Atelectasis             incomplete expansion of the lungs due to obstruction or collapse
4/3/2007         Atocia                     infertility in the female
4/4/2007         Asthma                   recurrent dyspnea with wheezing due to bronchial spasm
4/5/2007         Ampule                   a small glass container sealed to preserve the contents in a sterile condition
4/6/2007         Alopecia                 baldness, absence of hair where it normally is present
4/9/2007         Anesthesia             loss of sensation or feeling, especially pain
4/10/2007       Anemia                   reduction below normal of the number of RBCs, amount of hemoglobin, or the volume of RBCs
4/11/2007       Allergen                 a substance capable of inducing allergy
4/12/2007       Adipose                  fat, of a fatty nature
4/13/2007       Alimentary             pertaining to the organs of digestion
4/16/2007       Anus                       the terminal orifice of the alimentary canal
4/17/2007       Abrasion                the wearing away of tissue by abnormal mechanical means
4/18/2007       Abdomen                the portion of the body between the thorax and the pelvis
4/19/2007       Angio-                     a prefix denoting relationship to a vessel, usually a blood vessel
4/20/2007       Analeptic                a drug that acts as a restorative - caffeine for example
4/23/2007       Aqueous                 watery, prepared with water
4/24/2007       Ascites                   effusion and accumulation of serous fluid in the abdominal cavity
4/25/2007       Anaphylaxis           an exaggerated/unusual allergic response to a foreign protein or substance
4/26/2007       Adipsia                   absence of thirst or the unusual avoidance of drinking
4/27/2007       Albino                     an individual with congenital absence of pigment in the skin, hair and eyes
4/30/2007       Anisocytosis           RBCs in the blood showing excessive variation in size
 

May  2007    A Place to Live
Date             Word                       Definition
5/1/2007   Contact bedding           absorbant material in caging intended to come into contact with the animal
5/2/2007   Non-contact                bedding absorbant material not intended to come into contact with the animal
5/3/2007   Wood chip                   bedding  a bedding made of hard wood chips (flakes of wood produced when chopping wood)
5/4/2007   Wood shaving             bedding a bedding made of hard wood shavings (thin slices of wood with the grain produced by planing)
5/7/2007   Sawdust bedding           a bedding made of sawdust (tiny particles of wood)
5/8/2007   Corncob bedding         a bed made of ground corn cobs, contains small amounts of corn & comes in varying sizes
5/9/2007   Cellulose bedding          a bedding made of compressed fiber components of plant cell walls, used for paper production
5/10/2007 Polycarbonate cage     a cage made of a clear synthetic resin molded to shape, able to withstand high temp, has high impact strength
5/11/2007 Polystyrene cage            a cage made of a clear synthetic resin molded to shape, will warp/melt at high temp, has moderate impact strength
5/14/2007 Polypropylene cage     a cage made of an opaque synthetic resin molded to shape, can withstand high temp, has high impact strength
5/15/2007 Stainless steel cage         a cage made with polished stainless steel that is resistant to corrosion
5/16/2007 Galvanized steel cage  a cage where the steel has been coated with zinc that bonds with the steel to prevent rusting
5/17/2007 Shoebox cage                a solid bottomed cage with a tight fitting lid holding the food and water bottle
5/18/2007 Suspended cage           a cage with a metal wire/slatted bottom to allow animal waste to fall through into collection pans
5/21/2007 Ventilated cage               a cage with a special built-in port for air and water on a ventilated rack, requires a bonnet for proper function
5/22/2007 Metabolism cage         a cage designed to measure food/wate intake and urine/feces output of an animal
5/23/2007 Microisolation cage        a shoebox cage with an airtight filtered top to either contain or exclude airborne contaminants
5/24/2007 Gang cage                    cages that house multiple animals of the same species, usually for NHP, dogs, cats
5/25/2007 Transport cage               a cage designed to move an animal from one location to another within a facility or between housing racks
5/28/2007 Run                              a large enclosure with a water-proof floor that is sloped to aid drainage, if outdoors includes shelter
5/29/2007 Ventilated Rack             a rack for multiple cages providing individual water and air supply to each cage
5/30/2007 AW Rack                     a rack for multiple cages providing individual water supply to each cage
5/31/2007 Shelf Rack                     a rack to hold multiple cages there is no water or air supply provided as part of the rack
 

June 2007  Surgical Lingo
Date            Word                    Definition
6/1/2007     biopsy                  A procedure that involves obtaining a tissue specimen for microscopic analysis to establish a precise diagnosis.
6/4/2007     implantation           The insertion or grafting into the body using biological, living, inert or radioactive material
6/5/2007     debridement        The removal of necrotic, infected or foreign material from a wound.
6/6/2007     debulking              The surgical removal of as much of a tumor as possible, although the surgeon is unable to remove the whole thing
6/7/2007     intussusception   The telescoping of one portion of the intestine into another
6/8/2007     excision                 To surgically remove
6/11/2007   incision                To cut into as with a surgical knife
6/12/2007   hemostasis             The arrest of bleeding, either by the physiological properties of vasoconstriction and coagulation or by surgical means
6/13/2007   preoperative        The period directly preceding an operation
6/14/2007   perioperative          Pertaining to the period extending from the start of preparation for surgery to the time of complete recovery from surgery
6/15/2007   postoperative       The period occurring after a surgical operation
6/18/2007   intraoperative         The period occurring during a surgical operation
6/19/2007   ligature                 A thread or string for tying the blood vessels, particularly the arteries, to prevent hemorrhage
6/20/2007   surgical resection    A term used to describe the surgical removal of tissue
6/21/2007   suture                   Usually a synthetic based line that is minimally reactive in biological tissue used to close wounds
6/22/2007   absorbable suture   Suture that will dissolve over time
6/25/2007   non-absorbable     Suture that will not dissolve over time
6/26/2007   dehiscence              A  bursting open or splitting along surgical suture lines, a surgical complication secondary to poor wound healing
6/27/2007   scalpel                   A small knife with a thin, razor-like blade, used by surgeons, and in dissecting
6/28/2007   coagulation             The disruption of tissue by physical means to form an amorphous residuum, i.e. electrocoagulation and photocoagulation
6/29/2007   anastomosis          An opening created by surgical, traumatic or pathological means between two normally separate spaces or organs
 

July 2007    Words Found on Animal Protocols
Date             Word                     Definition
7/2/2007     Approve                 the designation the IACUC give a protocol that meets the standards for acceptable research
7/3/2007     Defer                       the designation the IACUC give a protocol that lacks information needed to meet the standards for research
7/5/2007     Not Approve          the designation the IACUC give a protocol that does not meet the standards for acceptable research
7/6/2007     Radioisotope            a molecule having an unstable nucleus and emitting characteristic radiation during its decay to a stable form
7/9/2007     Debilitation            serious weakening and loss of energy
7/10/2007   Controlled Substance a drug/chemical whose purchase, use & distribution is controlled by the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)
7/11/2007   Anesthetic              a drug or agent that is used to abolish the sensation of pain, general anesthesia causes unconsciousness
7/12/2007   Analgesic                 a drug that relieves pain without loss of consciousness
7/13/2007   Euthanasia             humane methods of killing animals where pain and distress are minimized
7/16/2007   Decapitation            euthanasia where the head is removed from the body at the 1st vertebra usually under anesthesia unless scientifically justified
7/17/2007   Pneumothorax       opening the chest cavity on both sides making it imposible for the animal to draw a breath - used to ensure euthanasia
7/18/2007   Perfusion                 the infusing of a liquid usually saline followed by preservative to remove blood from body tissues and to fix tissues for processing
7/19/2007   Justification           reasons based on scientific data or experience to allow or disallow a procedure or experiment
7/20/2007   Rationale                 the logical basis of a procedure
7/23/2007   Endpoint                the point at which the experiment for an animal or a group of animals is terminated
7/24/2007   Assurance               a legal declaration that all rules, regulations and laws related to animal research have been instituted and followed
7/25/2007   Confidential           information which is considered private and implies an ethical or legal principle forbidding release to the public
7/26/2007   Pain Class B            animals bred, held, conditioned for use in teaching/experiments/research but not yet being used
7/27/2007   Pain Class C          animals upon which teaching/research will be conducted involving NO pain, distress or pain relieving drugs
7/30/2007   Pain Class D           animals upon which teaching/research will be conducted involving pain or distress with use of pain relieving drugs
7/31/2007   Pain Class E          animals upon which teaching/research will be conducted involving pain or distress without use of pain relieving drugs
 

August 2007  "De"lightful Words
Date             Word                     Definition
8/1/2007     debilitating             Characteristic of a morbid process that causes weakness
8/2/2007     debris                   The remains such as results from the destruction of anything
8/3/2007     decapitate              To euthanize by cutting off the head of an animal in preparation for certain physiologic experiments
8/6/2007     decompression     A surgical operation for the relief of pressure in a body compartment or on a body part
8/7/2007     decubitus               An act of lying down, also the position assumed in lying down
8/8/2007     defecation            To expell feces from the rectum
8/9/2007     dendritic cells         In germinal center of spleen & lymph nodes, retains antigen for long time, associated with stimulating T-cell proliferation
8/10/2007   defibrillation         Arresting fibrillation (involuntary rapid contraction of heart muscle) by applying electric shock across the chest
8/13/2007   defibrination           Removal of fibrin from blood by constant agitation while the blood is collected in a container with glass beads or chips
8/14/2007   dehydration          The condition that results from excessive loss of body water
8/15/2007   deoderant              Agents that remove, correct, repress, or mask undesirable odors
8/16/2007   deontology           The science related to duty or moral obligation
8/17/2007   depopulate            Humane destruction of all animals on a premises during a disease eradication program
8/20/2007   depilatory             A topical agent (chemical) that causes the falling out or removal of hair
8/21/2007   DNA                    Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that encodes genetic information in the nucleus of cells
8/22/2007   desquamation     The shedding of epithelial elements, chiefly of the skin
8/23/2007   deviation               Variation from the common way, from an established rule
8/24/2007   decongestant       A sympathomimetic drug that constricts blood vessels in the nasal passages and reduce congestion or swelling
8/27/2007   deciduous teeth     The first set of teeth of mammals, also called milk teeth or baby teeth that are replaced as the animal matures
8/28/2007   detergent            Cleansing agents that exert cleansing (oil-dissolving) and antimicrobial effects
8/29/2007   desensitization       The reduction or abolition of allergic sensitivity or reactions to the specific antigen
8/30/2007   devitalized           Refers to tissue that has died due to trauma or lack of blood supply
8/31/2007   degloving              Avulsion of the skin of an extremity where the bone is exposed by removal of skin and subcutaneous tissue
 

September 2007     Words for Traveling
Date                 Word                     Definition
9/4/2007         safari                an overland journey by hunters
9/5/2007         voyage              passing by sea or water from one place, port, or country, to another
9/6/2007         wander             move about aimlessly or without any destination, go via an indirect route or at no set pace
9/7/2007         explore             travel to or penetrate into an unfamiliar area
9/10/2007       flight                a scheduled trip by plane between designated airports
9/11/2007       cruise                an ocean trip taken for pleasure
9/12/2007       expedition       an organized group of people undertaking a journey for a particular purpose
9/13/2007       quest                the act of searching for something
9/14/2007       crusade            any of the more or less continuous military expeditions in the 11-13th centuries
9/17/2007       trek                   a journey by ox wagon,  any long and difficult trip
9/18/2007       commute          travel back and forth regularly
9/19/2007       drive                 the overland journey in an automobile
9/20/2007       migrate            move from one country or region to another and settle there or move periodically or seasonally
9/21/2007       crawl                a slow creeping mode of locomotion (on hands and knees or dragging the body)
9/24/2007       walk                 the act of traveling by foot
9/25/2007       run                   a regular trip, a short trip, move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time
9/26/2007       lope                 a slow pace of running, a smooth 3-beat gait
9/27/2007       trudge              a long difficult walk
9/28/2007       soar                 fly upwards or high in the sky
 

October 2007  Pirate Words or Words that start with "AR"
Date             Word                 Definition
10/1/2007 arachnephobia         Morbid fear of spiders
10/2/2007 arboreal                 Attached to, found in or upon, or frequenting, woods or trees; as, arboreal animals
10/3/2007 arachnoid                Covered with or consisting of soft fibres or hairs so entangled as to give a cobwebby appearance
10/4/2007 arborvirus              From arthropod + borne. Viruses transmitted to humans by mosquitoes and ticks
10/5/2007 arbovirus                 A virus which uses Arthropods as vectors and is transmitted in their saliva to the definitive host
10/8/2007 archaic                   Ancient or old
10/9/2007 arginine                   An essential amino acid, a major component of proteins
10/10/2007 areometer           An instrument for measuring the specific gravity of fluids
10/11/2007 argon                    An element, contained in the atmosphere and remarkable for its chemical inertness
10/12/2007 aristology            The study of dining
10/15/2007 Aristotle                A Greek who established a link between biology and medicine, adept in logic, botany, zoology and anatomy
10/16/2007 aromatherapy      The use of fragrances and essences from plants to affect or alter a person's mood or behaviour
10/17/2007 arrhythmia             Any variation from the normal rhythm of the heart beat
10/18/2007 arrhinia                Congenital absence of the nose.
10/19/2007 arrest                     Stoppage, the act of stopping
10/22/2007 artifact                 Something artificial, a distortion that does not reflect normal anatomy or pathology, not usually found in the body
10/23/2007 artery                    Blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart
10/24/2007 arthritis               An inflammatory condition that affects joints
10/25/2007 articular                Of or pertaining to a joint
10/26/2007 articulated           Jointed, or having joints where separation may occur naturally
10/29/2007 arvicole                A mouse of the genus Arvicola; the meadow mouse
10/30/2007 arse                    The buttocks, or hind part of an animal
10/31/2007 arcade                 An anatomical structure or structures (especially a blood vessel) taking the form of a series of arches
 

November 2007  "Words for Everyday Use"
Date                 Word                Definition
11/1/2007     Gestation            the duration of development from fertilization to birth in viviparous animals
11/2/2007     DOB                    Date of Birth - date animals are born
11/5/2007     Dam                    the female parent of an animal
11/6/2007     Segregate             to separate a female from a male or remove a sick/injured animal from a colony/group
11/7/2007     DOW                  Date of Weaning - date young are removed from the dam
11/8/2007     Sire                     the male parent of an animal
11/9/2007     DOR                  Date of Reciept - date aminals are received from outside sources or placed on experimantal protocol
11/12/2007   Quarantine           a place to isolate animals suspected of contagion, a period to hold animals apart to observe for health
11/13/2007   Sentinel              an animal placed with another group for monitoring of health status
11/14/2007   Infection               invasion and multiplication of microorganisms/parasites in body tissues or organs
11/15/2007   Enrichment         addition of objects/food/substrate to an animal's enclosure for psychological/physical stimulation
11/16/2007   Conspecific          a member of the same species - considered the best type of enrichment
11/19/2007   Backcross          the mating of a heterozygote to a homozygote of the same strain as one of the original parents
11/20/2007   Background         the strain in which a genetic alteration is maintained after 8 generations of backcrossing
11/21/2007   Genotype           the entire genetic makeup of an individual or the alleles present at one or more loci
11/26/2007   Anorexia             the lack or loss of the appetite for food
11/27/2007   Harvest              to remove tissue or organs from an animal either as a survival or non-survival procedure
11/28/2007   Transfer               to move something from one place or animal to another place or animal
11/29/2007   Dilution              to difuse a quantity of agent into a quantity of liquid reducing the concentration of the orignial agent
11/30/2007   RO water            Reverse Osmosis - the forcing of water contaminated with salt/organic compounds/impurities through
                                                a membrane to produce pure water

December 2007  "O.K. Words"
Date                  Word                 Definition
12/3/2007         Otitis                 inflammation of the ear
12/4/2007         K                       chemical symbol for potassium
12/5/2007         Osteoma           a tumor composed of bone tissue
12/6/2007         Ketamine            a non-barbiturate general anesthetic schedule III, has poor analgesic properties
12/7/2007         Ophthalmic        pertaining to the eye
12/10/2007       Keratitis              inflammation of the cornea
12/11/2007       Objective           the lens or system of lenses in a microscope that is nearest the object under examination
12/12/2007       Kilogram             a metric unit equal to 1000 grams or 2.2 pounds
12/13/2007       Occiput              the back part of the head
12/14/2007       Kinship               a group of individuals or varying degrees of relatedness descended from a common ancestor
12/17/2007       Ocular               of, pertaining to or affecting the eye
12/18/2007       Kinetic               pertaining to or producing motion
12/19/2007       Olfaction           the act of smelling, the sense of smell
12/20/2007       Keratin               an insoluble protein found in the epidermis, hair, and nails
12/21/2007       Oncology           the study of tumors

January 2008 "Firsts"
Date                 Word                     Definition
1/2/2008         primagravid       pregnant for the first time
1/3/2008         primapara            a female having had one pregnancy that resulted in viable offspring
1/4/2008         primordium        the first beginings of an organ or part in a embryo
1/7/2008         prodrome            the first symptom indicating the onset of a disease
1/8/2008         protoneuron       the first neuron in a peripheral reflex arc
1/9/2008         prototype             the first type or form from which later types are modeled
1/10/2008       precursor            a substance from which another more active substance is formed
1/11/2008       primary                the first in order or in time of development
1/14/2008       eldest                  the offspring who came first in the order of birth
1/15/2008       prebiotic               the period before the existance of life on earth
1/16/2008       Primates             the highest order of mammals including man, apes, monkeys, and lemurs
1/17/2008       protopathic           self-origniating or primary disease
1/18/2008       precancerous      pertaining to a pathologic process that tends to become malignant
1/21/2008       onset                    the beginning of signs or symptoms of illness
1/22/2008       presymptomatic existing before the appearance of symptoms
1/23/2008       foremost              preceding all others in spatial position
1/24/2008       initiatory             constituting a beginning
1/25/2008       principal               highest in rank, character, importance, or degree
1/28/2008       protista               the primitive organisms from which animals & plants arose
1/29/2008       primordial            of the simplest and most undeveloped character
1/30/2008       primative            of the earliest origin
1/31/2008       prophase              the first stage in cell division (mitosis or meiosis)

February 2008 "I LOVE These Words"
Date                     Word                 Definition
2/1/2008         mate                  one of a pair associated for propagation and the care of their young
2/4/2008         male                   the sex that produces spermatozoa, by which the ova are fertilized
2/5/2008         testosterone     the male sex hormone
2/6/2008         female                the sex which conceives and brings forth young, or which has an ovary and produces ova
2/7/2008         estrogen           the female sex hormone
2/8/2008         estrus                 the recurrent, restricted period of sexual receptivity in female mammals
2/11/2008       aphrodisiac      any drug that arouses the sexual instinct
2/12/2008       pheromone        a scent secreted by an individual to communicate to others of the same species (sexual attractant)
2/13/2008       narcissism        self-love
2/14/2008       libido                 sexual desire
2/15/2008       nymphomania  exaggerated sexual desire in the female
2/18/2008       satyriasis            excessive sexual desire in the male
2/19/2008       lordosis             the abnormally increased curvature of the spine as a sign of sexual receptiveness in felines
2/20/2008       osculate              kiss
2/21/2008       osculation         the act of kissing
2/22/2008       fecundity            a measure of fertility
2/25/2008       conjugal            pertaining to marriage (con-with + jugum-a yoke)
2/26/2008       nude                   lacking a covering (ie. hair)
2/27/2008       gravid               heavy with young; pregnant
2/28/2008       foster                 to place orphaned or abandoned young with a nursing female of the same species
2/29/2008       litter                 siblings born at the same time as the result of fertilization of multiple ova by a single male

March 2008  Windy Words
Date                     Word                 Definition
3/3/2008         aeroplankton         living particles drifting in the air (spores, pollen, bacteria, etc.)
3/4/2008         aerobiology             the study or airborne organisms and their distribution
3/5/2008         konometer             an apparatus for counting the number of dust particles in the air
3/6/2008         aeolian                    wind borne
3/7/2008         aerometer             an instrument for measuring the density of air (weighing air)
3/10/2008       aeromorphosis        modification of form or structure owing to the exposure to wind
3/11/2008       windburn                chapping of the skin due to excessive exposure to the wind
3/12/2008       windchill                  loss of heat from the body when exposed to the wind
3/13/2008       windpipe                a common name for the trachea
3/14/2008       anemometer            an instrument for measuring wind speed
3/17/2008       aerodynamics        the science of air and gases in motion
3/18/2008       flatus                       often noisy expulsion of gas from the intestines
3/19/2008       atelectasis             incomplete expansion of lungs at birth, collapse of the adult lung
3/20/2008       aerophobia              morbid fear of drafts of air, airborne influences or bad air (that is body odor or flatus)
3/21/2008       aerosis                   the production of gas in the tissues or organs of the body
3/24/2008       aerogenesis             gas production
3/25/2008       tympany                a flatulent distention of the belly
3/26/2008       ancraophobia          fear of the wind
3/27/2008       aeroatelectasis     a partial, reversible, airless state of lung tissue occurs in pilots at high G forces in 100% oxygen with an anti-G suit
3/28/2008       aerogastria              distention of the stomach with gas
3/31/2008       aerodermectasia   the presence of air in the subcutaneous tissue, may be seen in cases of pneumothorax

April 2008 Hair can be "trich"y
Date                 Word                 Definition
4/1/2008         trichatrophia     atrophy of the hair bulbs, with brittleness, splitting, and falling out of hair
4/2/2008         alopecia              baldness, absence of the hair from skin areas where it normally is present
4/3/2008         trichitis              inflammation of the hair bulbs
4/4/2008         barbering            a dominant rodent grooms cage mates to the point of baldness, primarily on head, neck and shoulders
4/7/2008         trichalgia           pain produced by touching the hair
4/8/2008         trichiasis              condition where the eyelashes, being turned in upon the eyeball, produce constant irritation by the motion of the lids
4/9/2008         achromotrichia  absence or loss of pigment in the hair
4/10/2008       trichogen             an agent that promotes the growth of hair
4/11/2008       horripilation       erection of the fine hairs of the skin
4/14/2008       cymotrichous       curly-headed, having wavy hair
4/15/2008       trichobezoar       a hair cast (ball) in the stomach or intestinal tract, common in cats, rabbits, goats
4/16/2008       trichoesthesia       the sensation felt when a hair is touched,  paresthesia in which there is a sensation as of a hair on the skin
4/17/2008       hirsutism            abnormal hairiness, especially an adult male pattern of hair distribution in women
4/18/2008       trichocryptosis      any disease of the hair follicles
4/21/2008       supercilia            eyebrow hairs
4/22/2008       trichoid                 hairlike
4/23/2008       trichochrome      yellow-orange& violet pigments related to melanins; partly responsible for red & auburn hair color of humans
4/24/2008       trichologia            a nervous habit of plucking at the hair
4/25/2008       plica                    a disease of the hair (Plica polonica), in which it becomes twisted and matted together
4/28/2008       trichomegaly         congenital condition characterised by abnormally long eyelashes
4/29/2008       trichodystrophy  defective nutrition of hair, often culminating in alopecia
4/30/2008       trichophagia          the eating of hair or wool

May 2008  Watch out for that hole
Date                 Word                     Definition
5/1/2008     mouth                     the opening by which animals take in nutrition
5/2/2008     orifice                      an opening, for example - the mouth is an orifice
5/5/2008     aperture                 the opening in an optical system
5/6/2008     pore                         small orifices in animal skin or vegetable membranes, for transpiration, absorption, etc.
5/7/2008     fenestrate               having openings or small translucent areas
5/8/2008     perforation               a hole made through a part or substance
5/9/2008     pierce                     to go through a part or substance usually with a slender pointed instrument
5/12/2008   perforator                an instrument for piercing the bones
5/13/2008   boring                     the act of making a hole using a drill, the hole made by a drill
5/14/2008   trephine                   a hand held saw that creates a circular cut in bone
4/15/2008   interstice               a small interval, space or gap in a tissue or structure
5/16/2008   ostomy                    an operation to create an opening from an area inside the body to the outside
5/19/2008   infundibulum          a funnel shaped passage
5/20/2008   anastamosis             an opening between two nornally distinct spaces or organs
5/21/2008   rupture                   a space between the parts of a solid body torn open by violence
5/22/2008   cavity                       a hollow space within the body or in one of its organs, it may be normal or pathological
5/23/2008   caries                     another name for cavities due to tooth decay
5/26/2008   excavation               a natural cavity, pouch, or recess
5/27/2008   eyelet                    an orthodontic attachment for better rotational control
5/28/2008   ulcer                        a defect or excavation of the surface of an organ or tissue produced by sloughing of  tissue
5/29/2008   sinus                       a notch, depression or cavity on the surface of an organ
5/30/2008   penetrance              the extent to which an object enters into a substance or organ

June 2008   Give me a sign
Date                 Word                 Definition
6/2/2008     physical sign         a sign that is observed or elicited by auscultation, percussion, or palpation
6/3/2008     borborygmi             rumbling, gurgling noises heard on auscultation of the abdomen in conditions of increased intestinal peristalsis
6/4/2008     fremitus                 a tremor vibration in any part of the body that is detectable by palpation
6/5/2008     crepitation               a sound like the rubbing of hair between the fingers, the sound on palpation of a bone fracture site
6/6/2008     jaundice                 yellowing of the skin and whites of eyes by bilirubin, a bile pigment
6/9/2008     icterus                     the presence of jaundice seen in the sclera of the eye or skin
6/10/2008   fever                      a rise in body temperature above normal usually as a natural response to infection
6/11/2008   pallor                      a pale appearance to the skin
6/12/2008   edema                   the presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue spaces of the body
6/13/2008   bruit                       an unexpected audible swishing sound or murmur heard over an artery or vascular channel
6/16/2008   wheezing               a musical sound that is most pronounced on the exhalation of air, indicates bronchospasm
6/17/2008   tachycardia             an excessively rapid heart rate
6/18/2008   bradycardia           an excessively slow heart rate
6/19/2008   drawer sign             forward or backward sliding of the tibia indicating laxity or tear of the cruciate ligaments of the knee
6/20/2008   torticollis               a contraction of the neck muscles producing twisting of the neck and unnatural head position
6/23/2008   vomiting                  the forceful expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth
6/24/2008   inflammation         a localized response caused by distruction or injury of tissues resulting in pain, swelling, and redness
6/25/2008   pruritus                   itching manifested in animals as scratching either localized or generalized
6/26/2008   nystagmus            the involuntary movement of the eyeballs either horizontally, vertically or mixed
6/27/2008   ataxia                     failure of muscular coordination
6/30/2008   vocalization          the eliciting of sounds when painful areas are manipulated

July 2008  Why are you so hyper?
Date                 Word                         Definition
7/1/2008         hyperactive               general restlessness or excessive movement
7/2/2008         hyperacusis                 abnormal acuteness of hearing due to increased irritability of the sensory neural mechanism.
7/3/2008         hyperesthesia           a neurologic symptom where there is an unusual increased or altered sensitivity to sensory stimuli
7/7/2008         hypercalcemia             a medical condition in which abnormally high concentrations of calcium compounds are found in the bloodstream
7/8/2008         hypercapnia              an excess of carbon dioxide in the blood
7/9/2008         hyperemesis                excessive vomiting
7/10/2008       hyperglycemia           too high a level of glucose (sugar) in the blood
7/11/2008       hyperosmia                 an exaggerated or abnormally acute sense of smell
7/14/2008       hyperopia                  farsightedness
7/15/2008       hyperplasia                 the abnormal multiplication or increase in the number of normal cells in normal arrangement in a tissue
7/16/2008       hypersalemia            an increase in the salt content of the circulating blood
7/17/2008       hypersensitivity           an altered reactivity in which the body reacts with an exaggerated immune response to a foreign substance
7/18/2008       hypersphyxia            a condition of high blood pressure and increased circulatory activity
7/21/2008       hyperorality                a condition in which inappropriate objects are placed in the mouth
7/22/2008       hyperextension         extension of a limb or part beyond the normal limit
7/23/2008       hyperpepsia                abnormally rapid digestion
7/24/2008       hyperoxia                  an excess of oxygen in the system, resulting from exposure to high oxygen concentrations
7/25/2008       hyperphonia                overuse of the voice, as by excessive loudness or tension of the vocal muscles
7/28/2008       hyperlogia                 excessive verbosity or loquacity
7/29/2008       hypervitaminosis          a condition due to ingestion of an excess of one or more vitamins
7/30/2008       hyperventilation        an increase in the rate or depth of breathing results in faintness, numbness around mouth/fingers/toes
7/31/2008       hypervascular              abnormally vascular; containing an excessive number of blood vessels

August 2008  Are You Warm or Is It Me? 

October 2008   Scarry