Intelligent Systems*
Professor Mihir Sen
Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering
University of Notre Dame
Notre Dame, IN 46556
*Sponsored by D.K. Dorini (BRDG-TNDR), Organization of American States, CONACyT-Fulbright.
Overview
Intelligent systems have been used in heat transfer applications in several ways. Though the examples given below mainly involve heat transfer rates in heat exchangers, similar techniques would apply to other complex problems in thermal engineering such as to the prediction of pressure drops, etc. Though a brief description is given of each, the details are left to the publications. Given the form of a heat transfer correlation, the genetic algorithm provides a way to determine the globally optimal regression values of the coefficients. This is under an ideal heat exchanger assumption from which there can be deviations. A better alternative to using correlations is to use artificial neural networks to learn from experimental data and then to use the network to predict the performance of the heat exchanger for other operating conditions. The error is much less than for conventional correlations. Neural networks and fuzzy logic modeling can be used to predict statistical quantities like mean and rms velocities in turbulent flows. Heat transfer surfaces are susceptible to fouling and change in thermal characteristics over time. Artificial neural networks are a good way to learn, to adapt to changing circumstances, and to be able to control thermal systems. Techniques have been developed to obtain a network that is dynamically stable and that enables efficient temperature control.
Experimental facilities
The experiments have been carried out in the Hydronics Laboratory in the Fitzpatrick Hall of Enginering. The laboratory facilities include the following.
Research
- Reviews:
- Heat Transfer in the New Millennium---Views by Members of the ASME Heat Transfer Division, contribution by K.T. Yang and M. Sen, ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 122, No. 1, p. 6, 2000.
- Applications of artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms in thermal engineering, M. Sen and K.T. Yang, Section 4.24, pp. 620-661, in The CRC Handbook of Thermal Engineering, (editor) F. Kreith, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2000.
- Soft Computing in Control, M. Sen and J.W. Goodwine, Chapter 14, pp. 1-37, in The MEMS Handbook, (editor) M. Gad-el-Hak, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2001.
- Use of Artificial Neural Networks in Heat Exchanger Performance Prediction and Control, K. T. Yang and M. Sen, Compact Heat Exchangers - A Festschrift on the 60th Birthday of Ramesh K. Shah, (Eds.) G.P. Celata, B. Thonon, A. Bontemps, S. Kandlikar, pp. 445-450, Edizioni ETS, 2002.
- Genetic algorithms:
Journal publications
- Genetic-Algorithm Based Prediction of a Fin-Tube Heat Exchanger Performance, A. Pacheco-Vega, K.T. Yang, M. Sen, and R.L. McClain, Proceedings of the 11th International Heat Transfer Conference, Vol. 6, pp. 137-142, 1998.
- Simultaneous Determination of In- and Over-Tube Heat Transfer Correlations in Heat Exchangers by Global Regression, A. Pacheco-Vega, M. Sen and K.T. Yang, to be published in International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2003.
- Artificial neural networks:
Journal publications
- Simulation of Heat Exchanger Performance by Artificial Neural Networks, G. Diaz, M. Sen, K.T. Yang and R.L. McClain, International Journal of HVAC&R Research, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 195-208, 1999.
- Neural Network Analysis of Fin-Tube Refrigerating Heat Exchanger with Limited Experimental Data, A. Pacheco-Vega, M. Sen, K.T. Yang and R.L. McClain, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 44, pp. 763-770, 2001.
- Heat Rate Predictions in Humid Air-Water Heat Exchangers Using Correlations and Neural Networks, A. Pacheco-Vega, G. Diaz, M. Sen, K.T. Yang and R.L. McClain, ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 123, No. 2, pp. 348-354, 2001.
- Turbulent flows:
Journal publications
- Prediction of turbulence statistics behind a square cylinder using soft computing techniques, P.K. Panigrahi, M. Dwivedi, V. Khandelwal and M. Sen, ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering, Vol. 125, pp. 385-387, 2003.
- Dynamic prediction and control of heat exchangers:

Journal publications
- Dynamic Prediction and Control of Heat Exchangers Using Artificial Neural Networks, G. Diaz, M. Sen, K.T. Yang and R.L. McClain, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 45, No. 9, pp. 1671-1679, 2001.
- Adaptive Neurocontrol of Heat Exchangers, G. Diaz, M. Sen, K.T. Yang and R.L. McClain, ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 123, No. 3, pp. 417-612, 2001.
- Stabilization of Thermal Neurocontrollers, G. Diaz, M. Sen, K.T. Yang and R.L. McClain, submitted to Applied Artificial Intelligence.
Theses and dissertations
- Master's theses
- Performance of a Single-Row Heat Exchanger at Low In-Tube Flow Rates, X. Zhao, 1995.
- PhD dissertations
- Simulation and Control of Heat Exchangers using Artificial Neural Networks, G. Diaz, 2000.
- Simulation of Compact Heat Exchangers using Global Regression and Soft Computing, A. Pacheco-Vega, 2002.
Teaching
- Intelligent Systems: A senior-beginning graduate level course has been developed for aerospace and mechanical engineering majors. Topics include: systems theory, artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, evolutionary algorithms, expert systems, hybrid methods, hardware and software for workstations, PCs and microcontrollers, and applications. Programming and laboratory experiences are also included.