I gleaned the following information from a post by Kyle Dawkins (dawkins@sound.music.mcgill.ca). As an interesting factoid, the national anthem of Pakistan is in Persian.

      Persian                             Urdu

      No gender                           Two genders
      No case                             Three cases
      Adjectives follow the               Adjectives preceded the
        noun they qualify                   nouns they qualify
      pre-position based                  post-position based

Urdu and Persian have different verb inflections at all levels in all tenses. Hindi and Urdu have the same syntax, the main differences are in their vocabulary.