Key:
Interpretation of Polyarchy Scale Scores
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Scale Score | Component Score | Description
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0 | 1 1 1 1 | Meaningful fair elections are held, there is full freedom for political organization and expression, and there is no preferential presentation of official views in the media.
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1 | 1 1 1 2 | Meaningful fair elections are held and there is full freedom for political organization and expression, but there is preferential presentation of official views in the media.
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2 | 1 1 2 2 | Meaningful fair elections are held and there is full freedom for political organization, but some public dissent is suppressed and there is preferential presentation of official views in the media.
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3 | 1222/2122 | Undefined due to lack of cases
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4 | 2 2 2 2 | Elections are marred by fraud or coercion, some independent political organizations are banned, some public dissent is suppressed, and there is preferential presentation of official views in the media.
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5 | 3 2 2 2 | No meaningful elections are held, some independent political organizations are banned, some public dissent is suppressed, and there is preferential presentation of official views in the media.
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6 | 3 3 2 2 | No meaningful elections are held, only nonpolitical organizations are allowed to be independent, some public dissent is suppressed, and there is preferential presentation of official views in the media.
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7 | 3 3 2 3 | No meaningful elections are held, only nonpolitical organizations are allowed to be independent, some public dissent is suppressed, and alternatives to the official media are very limited.
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8 | 3 4 2 3 | No meaningful electons are held, all organizations are banned or controlled by the governmnt or official party, some public dissent is suppressed, and alternatives to the offical media are very limited.
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9 | 3 4 2 4 | No meaningful elections are held, all organizations are banned or controlled by the government or official party, some public dissent is suppressed, and there is no public alternative to official information.
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10 | 3 4 3 4 | No meaningful elections are held, all organizations are banned or controlled by the government or official party, all public dissent is suppressed, and there is no public alternative to official information. |
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In the table below, the "scale score" is the sum of the four component scores listed above, minus 4 so that the scale ranges from the "most polyarchic" 0 to the "least polyarchic" 10.
The first component score, in the next column, is for the fair elections variable, the second for freedom of organization, the third for freedom of expression, and the fourth for alternative sources of information. For full coding criteria, see the Coppedge and Reinicke "Measuring Polyarchy" article.
| The Polyarchy Scale and Its Components
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| code | country | scale score | fairelt | freorg | frexp | altinf
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| AFG | AFGHANISTAN | 10 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4
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| ALB | ALBANIA | 10 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4
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| ALG | ALGERIA | 9 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 4
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| ANG | ANGOLA | 10 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4
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| ANT | ANTIGUA | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2
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| ARG | ARGENTINA | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| AUL | AUSTRALIA | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| AUR | AUSTRIA | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| BAH | BAHAMAS | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2
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| BAN | BANGLADESH | 5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2
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| BAR | BARBADOS | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| BEN | BENIN | 8 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3
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| BHR | BAHRAIN | 8 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3
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| BHU | BHUTAN | 6 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2
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| BKF | BURKINA FASO | 7 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3
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| BLG | BELGIUM | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| BLZ | BELIZE | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| BOL | BOLIVIA | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2
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| BOT | BOTSWANA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2
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| BRA | BRAZIL | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| BRM | BURMA | 10 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4
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| BRN | BURUNDI | 8 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3
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| BUL | BULGARIA | 10 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4
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| CAM | CAMEROON | 8 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3
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| CAN | CANADA | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| CAP | CAPE VERDE | 8 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3
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| CAR | CENTRALAFRICAN | 7 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3
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| CHA | CHAD | 7 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3
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| CHI | CHILE | 5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2
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| COL | COLOMBIA | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| COM | COMOROS | 8 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3
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| CON | CONGO | 8 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3
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| COS | COSTA RICA | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| CUB | CUBA | 10 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4
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| CYP | CYPRUS | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2
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| CZE | CZECHOSLOVAKIA | 10 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4
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| DEN | DENMARK | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| DJI | DJIBOUTI | 7 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3
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| DMN | DOMINICA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2
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| DMR | DOMINICAN REPUBL | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2
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| ECU | ECUADOR | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2
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| EGY | EGYPT | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2
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| ELS | EL SALVADOR | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2
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| EQG | EQUATORIAL GUINE | 9 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 4
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| ETH | ETHIOPIA | 10 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4
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| FIJ | FIJI | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| FIN | FINLAND | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| FRA | FRANCE | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| GAB | GABON | 7 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3
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| GAM | GAMBIA | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3
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| GDR | GERMAN DEM. REP. | 10 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4
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| GER | GERMANY, WEST | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| GHA | GHANA | 7 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3
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| GNB | GUINEA-BISSAU | 10 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4
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| GRE | GREECE | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2
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| GRN | GRENADA | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| GUA | GUATEMALA | 5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2
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| GUI | GUINEA | 7 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3
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| GUY | GUYANA | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3
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| HAI | HAITI | 7 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3
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| HON | HONDURAS | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| HUN | HUNGARY | 8 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3
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| ICE | ICELAND | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| IND | INDIA | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2
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| IRE | IRELAND | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| IRN | IRAN | 7 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3
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| IRQ | IRAQ | 10 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4
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| ISR | ISRAEL | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1
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| ITA | ITALY | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| IVO | IVORY COAST | 8 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3
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| JAM | JAMAICA | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2
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| JAP | JAPAN | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| JOR | JORDAN | 6 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2
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| KAM | KAMPUCHEA | 10 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4
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| KEN | KENYA | 8 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3
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| KIR | KIRIBATI | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| KRN | KOREA, NORTH | 10 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4
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| KRS | KOREA, SOUTH | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2
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| KUW | KUWAIT | 6 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2
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| LAO | LAOS | 10 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4
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| LBR | LIBERIA | 5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2
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| LBY | LIBYA | 10 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4
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| LEB | LEBANON | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1
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| LES | LESOTHO | 6 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3
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| LUX | LUXEMBOURG | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| MAD | MADAGASCAR | 6 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3
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| MEX | MEXICO | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2
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| MLA | MALAYSIA | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3
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| MLD | MALDIVES | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2
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| MLI | MALI | 10 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4
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| MLT | MALTA | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2
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| MLW | MALAWI | 9 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4
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| MON | MONGOLIA | 10 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4
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| MOR | MOROCCO | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2
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| MOZ | MOZAMBIQUE | 10 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4
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| MRA | MAURITANIA | 8 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3
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| MRS | MAURITIUS | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2
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| NDO | INDONESIA | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3
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| NEP | NEPAL | 8 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3
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| NET | NETHERLANDS | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| NGA | NIGERIA | 8 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3
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| NGR | NIGER | 9 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4
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| NIC | NICARAGUA | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3
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| NWY | NORWAY | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| NWZ | NEW ZEALAND | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| OMA | OMAN | 9 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 4
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| PAK | PAKISTAN | 6 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3
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| PAN | PANAMA | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1
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| PAR | PARAGUAY | 6 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3
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| PER | PERU | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1
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| PHI | PHILIPPINES | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2
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| PNG | PAPUA NEW GUINEA | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| POL | POLAND | 7 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3
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| POR | PORTUGAL | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| PRC | CHINA | 10 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4
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| QAT | QATAR | 8 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 4
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| ROM | ROMANIA | 10 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4
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| RWA | RWANDA | 7 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3
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| SAU | SAUDI ARABIA | 10 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4
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| SCN | ST. CHRIS. & NEV | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| SEN | SENEGAL | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2
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| SEY | SEYCHELLES | 8 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3
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| SIE | SIERRA LEONE | 7 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3
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| SIN | SINGAPORE | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2
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| SOL | SOLOMON ISLANDS | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2
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| SOM | SOMALIA | 10 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4
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| SPA | SPAIN | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| SRI | SRI LANKA | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2
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| STL | ST. LUCIA | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| STP | SAO TOME & PRINC | 10 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4
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| STV | ST. VINCENT & GR | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| SUD | SUDAN | 6 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2
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| SUR | SURINAME | 7 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3
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| SWA | SWAZILAND | 7 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3
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| SWE | SWEDEN | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| SWI | SWITZERLAND | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| TAI | TAIWAN | 7 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3
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| TAN | TANZANIA | 9 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 4
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| THA | THAILAND | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2
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| TNT | TRINIDAD & TOBAG | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| TOG | TOGO | 10 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4
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| TON | TONGA | 7 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3
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| TUN | TUNISIA | 6 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2
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| TUR | TURKEY | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2
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| UAE | UNITED ARAB EMIR | 8 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3
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| UGA | UGANDA | 8 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3
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| UNK | UNITED KINGDOM | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| URU | URUGUAY | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| USA | UNITED STATES | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| USR | USSR | 10 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4
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| VAN | VANUATU | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3
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| VEN | VENEZUELA | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
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| VIE | VIETNAM | 10 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4
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| YMN | YEMEN, NORTH | 8 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3
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| YMS | YEMEN, SOUTH | 10 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4
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| YUG | YUGOSLAVIA | 7 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3
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| ZAI | ZAIRE | 9 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 4
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| ZAM | ZAMBIA | 7 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3
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| ZIM | ZIMBABWE | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3
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