National
History of TRIO Programs
The history of TRIO is progressive. It began with
Upward Bound, which emerged out of the Economic Opportunity
Act of 1964 in response to the administration's War on Poverty.
In 1965, Talent Search, the second outreach program, was
created as part of the Higher Education Act. In 1968, Student
Support Services, which was originally known as Special
Services for Disadvantaged Students, was authorized by the
Higher Education Amendments and became the third in a series
of educational opportunity programs. By the late 1960's,
the term "TRIO" was coined to describe these federal
programs.
Over
the years, the TRIO Programs have been expanded and improved
to provide a wider range of services and to reach more students
who need assistance. The Higher Education Amendments of
1972 added the fourth program to the TRIO group by authorizing
the Educational Opportunity Centers. The 1976 Education
Amendments authorized the Training Program for Federal TRIO
Programs, initially known as the Training Program for Special
Programs Staff and Leadership Personnel. Amendments in 1986
added the sixth program, the Ronald E. McNair Postbaccalaureate
Achievement Program. Additionally, in 1990, the Department
created the Upward Bound Math/Science program to address
the need for specific instruction in the fields of math
and science. The Upward Bound Math/Science program is administered
under the same regulations as the regular Upward Bound program,
but it must be applied for separately. The Higher Education
Amendments of 1998 authorized the TRIO Dissemination Partnership
program to encourage the replication of successful practices
of TRIO programs. Finally, the Omnibus Consolidated Appropriations
Act of 2001 amended the Student Support Services (SSS) program
to permit the use of program funds for direct financial
assistance (Grant Aid) for current SSS participants who
are receiving Federal Pell Grants.
History of the TRIO Programs
at the University of Notre Dame
Upward
Bound
The University of Notre Dame Upward Bound Program grant
was first developed by Professor Robert Christin in 1965
and submitted to the United States Department of Education.
Professor Christin was the executive director of the program
until asked by the office of education to serve as national
consultant to colleges and universities developing and implementing
Upward Bound Program. The University of Notre Dame Program
became the national prototype for Upward Bound Programs.
Throughout its existence on the University of Notre Dame
campus the Upward Bound Program has been a personal interest
of Father Theodore Hesburgh.
The program has been funded continuously by the federal
government since 1966 making it one of the oldest Upward
Bound Programs in the country. The program serves all students
who meet the first-generation (no one in the immediate family
has gone to college) and low-income student in the South
Bend community. Typically, students enter the program in
their freshman year of high school and during their three
years with the program they participate in the programs'
academic tutoring program and Summer Residential Program
where they take college prep course and live on Notre Dame's
campus for six week. Students travel to visit colleges across
the nation and are provided with the necessary resources
and information, both educationally and culturally, to be
successful in college. Since 1966, the program has served
well over 5,000 students who have successfully completed
high school and enrolled in a post-secondary institution.
Educational
Talent Search
In 1980 Dr. Roland B. Smith Jr., who was the Director of
the University of Notre Dame's Upward Bound Program wrote
the first grant for Educational Talent Search Program. Since
that time Educational Talent Search has served over 20,500
students between the ages of twelve and twenty-seven and
helped over 3,300 students enroll in post-secondary institutions.
Ninety percent of those served are high school students.
Annually, the program assists over one-hundred and fifty
students in completing the application to post-secondary
institutions. In addition to counseling during the college
selection process, the program also offers career counseling,
assistance with re-entry into high school or college and
with filling out various college financial aid forms.
The
program serves the St. Joseph County, Elkhart County, and
city of Niles, Michigan. Its target schools are public high
schools and middle schools of South Bend, and the high schools
of Elhart and Niles, Michigan. Today, the program serves
twenty-one target school and over 800 students per year.
Ronald
E. McNair Program
In 1992 the Ronald E. McNair program was funded and directed by Dr. Mario Borelli. The program
is made up of a consortium of five universities: University
of Notre Dame, Xavier University, Clark Atlanta, St. Mary's
and St. Edwards University in Texas. Since its inception
the program has served over 500 college students in promoting
graduate school for minorities. The services provided by
the McNair program are trips to graduate schools, academic
counseling, course tutoring, professional conferences, preparation
for GRE exams, advice and assistance with the graduate selection
and application process and partial funding for graduate
school interviews. During the summer component, undergraduate
students from the five universities are selected to do research
with professors here at the Notre Dame in areas of interest
and receive three credit hours. The core mission of the
McNair Program is to promote graduate and doctoral studies
for minority students. More...
|
