Ph.D. In Literature
Course Descriptions

Spring 2003

Students can take a minimum of three courses and a maximum of four, not including language acquisition courses. (Language classes do not count toward the 9 credit.) Every effort should be made to acquire language proficiency as early as possible. Please bear in mind, the language exams will be rigorous and must be satisfied by the end of the third semester of residence.

Students are required to consult with the Program Director/and or Director of Graduate Studies prior to enrolling in any course. Students should select their courses from the listings described in this booklet. However, in special circumstances and with prior authorization from the Program's Director and/or Director of Graduate Studies, graduate level courses not listed here can be taken for credit.

Students are reminded of the Program's requirements in Core, Primary and Related Fields. With the advice of the Director/ Director of Graduate Studies, and/or advisors in their field students, will, at the appropriate time, be expected to demonstrate what constitutes Primary and Related fields of study.

Courses will be scheduled on the following days:
M = Monday
T = Tuesday
W = Wednesday
H = Thursday
F = Friday
TH = Tuesday & Thursday

Please note: this listing of courses may change for various reasons.

REQUIRED COURSE:

WORLD LITERATURE

4812 LIT585A 01 Literary Theory - Philology and Weltliteratur
M 1:30-4:15 Professor Joseph A. Buttigieg
The Literature Programs course on Literary Theory deals with theories of different time and places with emphasis on the critical problems that arise when what we call "Literature" is investigated in a multicultural context. Issues that may be expected to arise include the following the problems of translation, the meaning of metaphor, hermeneutics complexity, the meaning of the word "style" the relation between oral and written literatures.

Philology and Weltliteratur
Eric Auerbach's essay, from which this course derives its title, serves as a point of departure for exploring the possibility of developing an approach to literary history and literary interpretation that: (a) attends to the historical, cultural and aesthetic specificity of the individual literary work and (b) at the same time, brings into relief the complex ways in which cultures interact, overlap, and modify one another. The course will focus primarily on the pertinent works of Vico, Herder, and the German Romantics, Auerbach (and other historicists), Arnold, C. L. R. James, Raymond Williams, and Edward W. Said, as well as selections from the writings of Fanon, Ngugi, Lamming, Cesaire, and others.

Required Books:

Recommended Books:

Course packet will be available in 336 O'Shaughnessy Friday, January 13

SUGGESTED COURSES

5795 LIT 515L 01 Apuleius
T 2-5 Bradley, Keith
An investigation of the historical Apuleius. The course examines the Romano-African context into which Apuleius was born, recreates the educational travels to Carthage, Athens and Rome which occupied his early life, and focuses especially on his trial for magic in Sabratha in 158/9, before following him back to Carthage where he spent the rest of his life. Notice will be taken of all of Apuleius' writings, but special attention will be paid to the Apology, and to the documentary nature and socio-cultural importance of the Metamorphoses. The course is open to students with or without Latin.

5567 LIT 501 01 Literature and Religion
TH 11-12:15 Braungart, Wolfgang
Literature, according to Martin Walser, descends just as irrefutably from religion as human beings do from the apes. Indeed, there is no denying that even during aesthetic modernism, literature, art, and religion are closely intertwined. When art achieved autonomous status in the second half of the 18th century, it did, to be sure, shed its subservient function relative to religion, yet in terms of its topics, themes, and, most particularly, its claim to interpret and give meaning to human existence literature remained tied to religion, in fact became its great rival.
This seminar will examine several stations of this development. Beginning with church hymns during the Renaissance and Barock, we will see how the Bible was discovered as a literary text in the 18th century. At the end of the century, art is conceived as an autonomous, even holy artifact. Poetry, for some, even becomes the medium of human self-definition and the place in which new myths are created. In the Romantic period art and religion become fused into a single unity. A century later, art and religion again come into close contact in lyric poetry of the fin-de-siecle. The seminar concludes with a consideration of the psalm form in 20th-century poetry. Readings will include works by Luther, Paul Gerhardt, Klopstock, Hölderlin, Wackenroder, Stefan George, Rilke, Trakl, Brecht, Celan, and Bachmann.

5572 LIT 521A 01 Poetry and Philosophy in the Twelfth Century
TH 2-3:15 Gersh, Stephen
This course will aim to provide a close reading of Bernard Silvestris' "Cosmographia" and Alan of Lille's "De Planctu Naturae" against the background of early twelfth-century philosophical thought and grammatical-rhetorical theory. Although it will be initially necessary to cover the philological and historical ground with some care, the course will also attempt to explore in a more speculative and creative manner the question of the kind of relation between philosophy and literature in general that works like the "Cosmographia" and "De Planctu" suggest. As stimuli to such reflections, we shall pause to examine in some detail such textual phenomena as the philosophical allegory, the hermeneutical and metaphysical implications of number, the notion of self-reflexivity, and the negative symbol. The course is intended to be accessible to students without skill in Latin (although the latter would, obviously, be an advantage). Requirement: one final paper of ca. 20 pp.

5646 LIT 555 01 Gaelic Gothic
TH 5-6:15 Gibbons, Luke
This seminar will discuss the development of the Enlightenment and the Gothic in Irish culture in relation (i) to "internal" excluded others - Catholics, Gaelic culture, (ii) questions of gender, and, (iii) the diversity Irish responses, both at home and abroad, towards other excluded peoples: African-Americans, indigenous peoples in America and Australia, and other cultures on the receiving end of Empire. As if affording a culture of consolation, Romanticism and primitivism became a refuge for many "doomed peoples," (including the Celts), while the Gothic and racial theory provided new modes of countering the threat on the "other" under modernity. The seminar will begin with eighteenth century debates focusing on 'the sublime' in Edmund Burke and the painter, James Barry; the emphasis will then shift to the rise of the Gothic, questions of cultural nationalism, and the emergence of Irish modernity, concentrating on Joyce; and will finish with an analysis of how these concepts have played out in cinema, especially the Irish-American cinema of John Ford, and depictions of immigration in recent Irish films.

4765 LIT 529A 01 Canon & Literature of Islam
TH 9:30-10:45 Afsaruddin, Asma
This course is an introduction to the religious literature of the Arab-Islamic world. Emphasis is on works from the classical and medieval periods of Islam, roughly from the seventh to the fourteenth century of the common era. We will read selections from the Qur'an (the sacred scripture of Islam), the Hadith literature (sayings attributed to the prophet Muhammed), the biography of the Prophet, commentaries on the Qur'an, historical and philosophical texts, and mystical poetry. All texts will be read in English translation. No prior knowledge of Islam and its civilization is assumed, although helpful.

5570 LIT 565 01 Goethe and His Time
T 12:30-3:15 Norton, Robert
In this course we will examine some of the major works written during the Classical period of German literature, between 1750 and 1830. In addition to Goethe himself, we will focus on writings by Klopstock, Lessing, Schiller, Hölderlin, Kleist, and Tieck. All readings will be in the original, class discussions and presentations will be in English.

5569 LIT 574 01 Minority German Writers
TH 9:30-10:45 DellaRossa, Denise
This course explores German-language literature written by authors of non-German heritages. As a seminar it opens up the possibilities of reading a more diverse body of post-1945, and more specifically post-Wende, German literature. Secondary texts will help us to understand the social and historical context in which these authors write. The primary reading selections will include works by authors of African, Turkish, Sorbian, Roma and Arab heritages.

5645 LIT 556 01 The Novel as an Agent of Change
W 10-12:30 Doody, Margaret
The course title is suggested by Elizabeth Eisenstein's book title The Printing Press as an Agent of Change. The Novel and the development of print are often connected. Ian Watt's "Rise of the Novel" is associated with the same period as that allotted to what we term "the Enlightenment." This view of the history of the genre may well seem defective, once we look at the novels of antiquity. It might be truer to say that the novel as a genre has always served as a means of what we can call "enlightenment," at various stages of its being. The Novel has recently been valued as a mirror of history, dealing with the manners and practices of persons within a culture. But the Novel itself may be considered as "an Agent of Change," not just a reflector of it. The Novel enacts the processes (historical and psychological) of change and recognition. Novelistic anagnorisis (recognition, or coming to know in a new way) is not seeking a stable ending (as in the oversimplified version of Aristotelian theatre) but enacting a process in which, after every recognition, subsequent recognition must be absorbed. The individual character has to interact with a multifaceted and changeful world, without being allowed the leisure for lengthy abstract philosophical reflection. (Indeed, what that individual may be is a novelistic subject in itself.) As Philip Sidney and others have noted, fiction comes between history and philosophy, offering us something different from either though related to both. Novels are also (unlike most traditional works of history and philosophy) often penned by outsiders, foreigners, and women. If we want to know how and why we think both personal and social change is possible, we should look first at the Novel as the biggest and most pervasive cultural exemplar of both cultural and personal metamorphosis.
We shall start by examining three major novels of antiquity: Heliodorus, Aithiopika; Petronius, Satyricon; and Apuleius, Metamorphoses (The Golden Ass or Asinus aureus). We shall then move to the Renaissance, pursuing the first two books of Rabelais' set of five (now compendiously termed Gargantua and Pantagruel) and the first part of Cervantes' Don Quixote. Later texts include the following: Lafayette, The Princess of Cleves (La Princesse de Clèves); Swift, Gulliver's Travels; Richardson, Pamela (and selected passages of Sir Charles Grandison); Graffigny, Letters of a Peruvian Woman (Lettres d'une Péruvienne); Scott, Old Mortality and The Heart of Midlothian; Gaskell, North and South.

5900 LIT 578 01 Nature/ID in SpanAm: Popul vuh
T 12:30-3 pm Heller, Ben
We will trace the images and metaphors with which Spanish American writers and interested foreign travelers have described Latin American Nature. Earthly paradise, green inferno, a wasteland to be populated, or most nurturing aspect of the "madre patria," these images and others we will discuss have both reflected ideological biases and shaped national cultures and identities. We will read a diverse collection of texts (from the Popol vuh to Sarmiento's Facundo to Neruda's Canto General) from the 19th and 20th centuries, with a few incursions in key colonial texts (Columbus's Diario), along with theoretical texts focusing on nature and identity. In addition to the weekly readings, students will be responsible for one class presentation and the preparation of a significant research paper by semester's end.

5897 LIT 579 01 SpanAm Poetry: avant-garde/surr
W 12:45-3:15 Verani, Hugo
This seminar will study the principal tendencies of twentieth-century Spanish American poetry, from the 1920s to the end of the century. The emphasis will be on close readings of the texts along with recent developments in critical theory. The poets to be considered are: Vicente Huidobro, Jorge Luis Borges, Oliverio Girondo, César Vallejo, Pablo Neruda, Octavio Paz, Nicanor Parra, and José Emilio Pacheco. Course Grade will be based on the following criteria: Term paper, 50%; Class participation, 30%; Oral presentation, 20%.

5899 LIT 591 01 The Wane in Spain
H 12:30-3 Nunez, Dayle
Despite the reputed cultural belatedness of the Iberian Peninsula during the high Middle Ages, by the fourteenth century the Spanish kingdoms had caught up with their European neighbors and entered a period of general decline. The late Spanish Middle Ages is uniquely defined by the ascendancy of the Tratámaras, a bastard line that seizes the throne in 1369 when Enrique de Trastámara murders his half brother, King Pedro I of Castile. The Trastámara dynasty engineers the emergence of Spain as Europe's first modern nation-state and world empire and the construction of an orthodox, patriarchal "Spanish" and Catholic identity purified of its ethnic, religious, and political others through propaganda, conquest, conversion, colonization, expulsion, and inquisition. The foundational union of Isabel (Castile) and Fernando (Aragon) marked the culmination of the Trastámaran enterprise of political legitimation, centralization, and expansion; the Catholic Monarchs brought to closure seven hundred years of Reconquest, launched Europe's invasion of a new world, laid the foundations for Spain's Golden Age, and crafted the moral, political, and social recuperation of Hispania.
The seminar will examine the cultural production of this complex and fascinating age-the literary, historical, religious, and political texts generated during the Trastámaran reign-in the context of nation building, the formation of a persecuting society, and the ultimately exclusionary ideology of Isabelline Spain. Texts will include a course packet of selected primary and critical texts plus: Juan Ruiz, Libro de buen amor; Don Juan Manuel, Libro del conde Lucanor, Alfonso Martínez de Toledo, El arçipreste de Talavera; sentimental romances (Grisel y Mirabella, Siervo libre de amor, Cárcel de amor), and Celestina. Coursework includes oral presentations and a final research paper.

5898 LIT 593 01 Transatlantic Lit & Hist/Trav
TH 3:30-4:45 Cachey, Theodor
This course approaches early modern Europe and its interactions with the Americas through the lens of a theoretical and practical preoccupation with the history and literature of travel. We'll begin with a preliminary theoretical part focused by two primary texts (Gilgamesh and Italo Calvino's Invisible Cities) together with selected theoretical writings (E. Leed, C. Kaplan, D. McCannel, T. Todorov). A "cartography and literature" section dedicated to cartographical and literary sources documenting the transition from medieval to modern ("Atlantic") travel will follow: medieval mappamundi, "Dante's Ulysses," Boccaccio's "De canaria," Petrarch "viator," portolan charts, Ptolemy's Geografia. The balance of the course will be dedicated to the study of a series of early modern transatlantic "auctores," including Columbus, Vespucci, Vaz de Caminha, Antonio Pigafetta, Luís de Camões, Jean de Léry, Philip Sidney, the Inca Garcilaso de la Vega. Discussion of primary texts will be complemented by an anthology of critical readings to include selections from Tom Conley (The Self-Made Map), Stephen Greenblatt (Marvelous Possessions), David Harvey (Spaces of Hope) Frank Lestringant (Mapping the Renaissance World), Tvetzan Todorov (The Conquest of the New World), Michel de Certeau (The Writing of History), and Roland Greene (Unrequited Conquests) among others. Participants in the seminar are invited to develop a research paper based on sources in their primary "national" literary field but with a significant "transatlantic" comparative and/or theoretical component. For further information, please contact the instructor at 631-5651 or at cachey.1@nd.edu.

CLASSICS
3796 CLLA 525 01 Latin Literature & Stylistics
TH 11:00-12:15 Krostenko, Brian
The aim of this class is an appreciation of the history of Latin prose. The aim will be achieved in three ways. First, we will examine samples of authors from Cato the Elder to Apuleius to isolate their stylistic peculiarities and attempt to see shifts in style as responses to varying social pressures in the Roman world. Second, we will practice composing short pieces of Latin prose in imitation of some of the peculiarities observed. Third, we will consider some general problems in the history of Latin semantics, syntax, and style.

4772 CLLA 531 01 Latin Love Elegy
MWF 12:50-1:40 Mazurek, E. F.
This course will explore the literary genre of Latin love elegy through close reading of the poetry of Tibullus, Propertius, and Ovid. The major topics we will examine are the historical development of the genre across the careers of these three poets, the relationship of elegy to other literary genres, especially comedy, and elegy's constructions of gender (men's and women's roles). Students' progress in translating and analyzing the Latin texts will be gauged through exams and interpretative essays.

5889 CLLA 576 01 Medieval Latin Survey
MWF 8:30-9:20 Sheerin, Dan
The aim of this course is to experience a broad spectrum of Medieval Latin texts. Readings representative of a variety of genres (literary and sub-literary), eras, and regions will be selected. Students planning to enroll in this course should be completing Medieval Latin I or they must secure the permission of the instructor. Those with interests in particular text types should inform the instructor well in advance so that he can try to accommodate their interests.

4770 CLGR 531 01 Advanced Greek: Philosophical Poetry
TH 3:30-4:45 McLaren, Chris
This course will consist of a survey of Greek philosophical poetry, along with a detailed examination of its place in the histories of both literature and philosophy in the West. Beginning with instances of proto-philosophical discourse in the poetry of Homer and Hesiod, we will proceed to an in-depth consideration of the extant fragments of the pre-Socratics Xenophanes, Parmenides, and Empedocles, and conclude with the philosophical poetry of the Hellenistic and Imperial periods, including, for example, Cleanthes' Hymn to Zeus, the Orphica, and the Chaldean Oracles. We will analyze both the literary and doctrinal elements of each work we read, and attempt to form an overall impression of the relationships our authors establish between these two aspects of the genre, especially in the context of what Plato called the 'ancient quarrel' between philosophy and poetry.

5340 CLGR 500 01 Plato's "Phaedrus"
MW 4:30-5:45 O'Connor, David
This course will be an advanced seminar focused on reading Plato's "Phaedrus" in Greek. Undergraduates must have completed CLGR 325. Graduate students must have completed at least three semesters of Greek. Class meetings will be about equally divided between translations and interpretation.

FRENCH
1688 ROFR 500 01 French Graduate Reading
MWF 8:30-9:20 Martin, Patrick
This one semester, intensive study of French grammar and syntax is intended for graduate students working in the Humanities or Sciences, who are interested in acquiring intermediate level reading proficiency in French. In addition to the translation exercises and practice reading passages incorporated into Edward M. Stack's Reading French in the Arts and Sciences (4th ed.), student participants will be required to work with scholarly texts pertinent to their field of research. Those students who successfully complete all class and examination requirements will receive departmental certification of their reading proficiency. No prior knowledge of French is assumed.

2036 ROFR 503F 01 Teaching Methods II
T 3:30-4:45 Dubreil, Sebastien
This course is only open to Graduate Teaching Assistants in French in the Department of Romance Languages and Literatures. It will continue to prepare Teaching Assistants to teach elementary French courses. It will cover basic teaching techniques/methods used in the ND French curriculum, course management, as well as test design and evaluation techniques.

5880 ROFR 524 01 Visions & Miracles: Religious Lit. in Medieval France
W 12:45-3:15 Boulton, Maureen
This course is designed to be an introduction to the religious literature of medieval France. In addition to overtly religious works like saints' lives and miracles of the Virgin, we will also read secular works that deal with religious themes (La Chanson de Roland, the Conte du Graal (Perceval) by Chrétien de Troyes, La Quête du saint Graal). One of the themes of the course will be the overlap between sacred and secular, and the appropriation of secular genres by religious writers. Other readings will include French versions of Bible stories, poetry of the troubadours and trouvères, selections from the Miracles Nostre Dame of Gautier de Coinci and from the Golden Legend, poems by Christine de Pizan, Guillaume de Machaut, and François Villon. Reading knowledge of modern French is essential. Depending on the will of the class, discussions will be either in French or in English, but class presentations and the research paper (ca. 18 pages) may be in either language.

IRISH
4056 CLIR 501 01 Beginning Irish I
T H 9:30-10:45 O'Conchubhair, Breen
An introduction to modern spoken and written Irish: basic principles of grammar and sentence structure, as well as core vocabulary. Emphasis is placed on the application of these principles in every-day situations. Students learn how to conduct simple conversations: talking about oneself and asking information of others; talking about family and home; describing the weather and daily activities.

5871 CLIR 501 02 Beginning Irish I
TH 12:30-1:45 O'Conchubhair, Breen
An introduction to modern spoken and written Irish: basic principles of grammar and sentence structure, as well as core vocabulary. Emphasis is placed on the application of these principles in every-day situations. Students learn how to conduct simple conversations: talking about oneself and asking information of others; talking about family and home; describing the weather and daily activities.

3939 CLIR 502 01 Beginning Irish II
T H 3:30-4:45 O'Conchubhair, Breen
Prerequisite: CLIR 501 or IRST 501
Second semester of instruction in the Irish Language. Continuation of IRST 101/501. More emphasis will be placed on reading simple texts in Irish. This course satisfies Irish Studies requirements.

5872 CLIR 502 02 Beginning Irish II
T H 11:00-12:15 McQuillan, Peter
Prerequisite: CLIR 501 or IRST 501
Second semester of instruction in the Irish Language. Continuation of IRST 101/501. More emphasis will be placed on reading simple texts in Irish. This course satisfies Irish Studies requirements.

4114 CLIR 503 01 Intermediate Irish
T H 9:30-10:45 McKibben, Sarah
Prerequisites: 102 and 102
A continuation of Irish 501 and 502 with increased emphasis on the ability to read 20th century literary works in the original Irish.

PHILOSOPHY

5573 PHIL 505 01 Debate Between Plato & Aristotle
TH 11:00-12:15 Gersh, Stephen
The course will study the history of the debate between the two main ancient traditions of philosophy with special reference to the theory that Platonism and Aristotelianism can, in some profound manner, be reconciled. To the innocent modern observer, this idea seems surprising. However, we must somehow account for the fact that it seemed plausible to a substantial body of informed opinion throughout later antiquity and the Middle Ages. In the first part of the course, the emphasis will fall upon ancient philosophers and especially Plotinus and the Platonic-Aristotelian commentators of late antiquity (Porphyry, Proclus, Ammonius, Boethius). In the second half of the semester, there will be a more rapid survey of medieval approaches including "subterranean" Platonic-Aristotelianism, Boethianism, the "Book of Causes," and Albertist readings of Aristotle. Since (for the first part of the course at least) translations are available, knowledge of Greek and/or Latin is useful but not absolutely necessary. Requirement: one final paper of ca. 20 pp. Office hours: Tue, Thu 8.30-9.30.

5421 PHIL 548 01 Contemporary Continental Philosophy
T 6:30-9:00pm Rush, Fred & Watson, Stephen
An examination of selected themes and problems in twentieth century European philosophy. Reading from among: Husserl, Heidegger, Sartre, Benjamin, and Adorno. Topic for S2003: self-presence, self-deception, and false consciousness.

5430 PHIL 587 01 History of Philosophy of Science to 1750
TH 2:00-3:15 Joy, Lynn
This seminar begins by examining four conceptions of science: those of Plato, Aristotle, Epicurus, and Chrysippus. It then considers how the natural philosophies developed by their ancient traditions were transformed by medieval and modern thinkers, who significantly revised the goals of previous scientific inquiry. Among the moderns, we will focus on Descartes, Boyle, and Newton. Requirements: Course requirements will include class presentations and two medium-length papers.

5440 PHIL 659 01 Divine Providence
TH 9:30-10:45 Flint, Thomas
One of the central elements of orthodox Christian belief is the affirmation of divine providence: God is seen not merely as the creator of the world, but as its all-knowing controller and governor as well. Given the existence of human freedom, however, questions regarding the manner and degree of this governance naturally arise.
The overall purpose of this course will be to examine and evaluate various conceptions of providence which stem from attempts to answer these questions. More specifically, the course will focus on the view of providence offered by the proponents of middle knowledge, and the objections raised against this Molinist view by both its traditional Thomist opponents and contemporary analytic philosophers, especially advocates of "open theism". Possible employments of the concept of middle knowledge to further our understanding of the free will defense, foreknowledge, omnipotence, infallibility, petitionary prayer, and the Incarnation will also be considered.
Texts: The two main texts for the course will be (i) Freddoso's translation of (and introduction to) Part IV of Molina's Concordia and (ii) Flint's Divine Providence: The Molinist Account. Others whose works we will examine include William Hasker, Robert Adams, and William Lane Craig.
Requirements: Two medium-sized papers (roughly 12 pages each) will be required. At least one of these papers will be discussed in class.

5449 PHIL 680 01 Scientific Realism
TH 11:00-12:15 McMullin, Ernan
The controversy regarding realism and anti-realism has been one of the two or three focal issues in the philosophy of science over recent decades. After a brief look at the historical origins of this controversy in early astronomy and in Newtonian mechanics, we shall go on to study the criticisms, defenses, and explications of scientific realism in the writings of van Fraassen, Putnam, Fine, Hacking Laudan, Psillos, Kukla, and Ganson. We will rely mainly on reproductions of selections from historical sources as well as of recent articles.
Requirements: Term paper and take-home final.

5911 PHIL 641 01 Philosophy of Experience: Husserl, Sartre, and Merleau-Ponty
TH 9:30-10:45 Gutting, Gary
Explicitly or implicitly, every modern philosophical enterprise has had to guarantee a place for itself by showing that there is something for it to know that escapes the grasp of empirical science. For one influential line of development, from Descartes through Husserl and the logical empiricists, experience is the source of a certainty needed to provide foundations for scientific and everyday knowledge. But experience has also attracted philosophers because of its immediacy or concreteness, which they see as overcoming the abstractions required for successful empirical science. The thought is that the precision required for rigorously testing hypotheses requires us to ignore certain aspects of our experience that are not open to scientific (e.g., quantitative) formulation. The claim (or hope), however, is that philosophy is capable of giving us an epistemically adequate access to the experiential concreteness that science must ignore.
The appeal to a philosophy of concrete experience has been especially important in the French philosophy of the last one hundred years. Despite their Cartesian origins, twentieth-century French philosophers from Bergson through Merleau-Ponty, valued experience for its concreteness rather than its certainty. This explains the ambivalent status of Husserl for French existential phenomenologists; they admired his project of describing the fullness of lived experience but were uninterested in the use he proposed to make of these descriptions to provide a rigorous foundation for all knowledge. The rejection of the theme of certainty accords well with most recent philosophy, both continental and analytic, which has rightly rejected foundationalist efforts to ground knowledge in experiential certainties. But there remain the central questions of how experience fits into a scientific account of the world and whether philosophy has a special epistemic role in virtue of its access to the realm of concrete experience.
In this course, I would begin with an examination of the place of experience in Husserl's phenomenology, looking particularly at some key sections of Ideas I and of the Crisis. Then I would move to Husserl's reception among the French, focusing on central writings of Sartre (Transcendence of the Ego and selected portions of Being and Nothingness-e.g., the Preface) and of Merleau-Ponty (selections from Phenomenology of Perception). I also hope to pay some attention to later critiques of phenomenology and its conception of experience (reading some bits of Heidegger, Derrida, and Foucault).

THEOLOGY

5622 THEO 523A 01 Reformation Theo.: Calvin's New Testament Commentaries
TH 12:30-1:45 Zachman, Randall
Course Description: John Calvin dedicated his life to restoring what he called "the genuine sense of Scripture" to the Latin catholic church, in direct indebtedness to the efforts of Laurenzo Valla, Desiderius Erasmus, and Faber Stpulensis before him, as well as contemporaries such as Luther, Oecolampadius, Melanchthon, Bucer, and Bullinger. This course will examine the ways Calvin interpreted certain representative texts of the New Testament in order to see if we might discern the distinctive ways in which he sought to arrive at the genuine sense of Scripture, so that he might draw general and fruitful doctrine for the church. We will begin with his first commentary, on Romans, which serves as the pathway to the whole of Scripture. We will then turn to First Corinthians, in order to see how he deals with issues of ecclesiology and the sacraments. The Epistle to the Hebrews will be examined next, as it serves as the template by which Calvin interprets the whole of the Hebrew Bible, as well as the basis of his polemic against Roman views of the Mass and priesthood. We will end with the Gospel of John, which shows Calvin's engagement with the patristic tradition of Biblical commentaries, especially Irenaeus, Origen, and Augustine. The course will be a combination of lecture and seminar discussion: I will lecture on the assigned reading on Thursday, and we will have a seminar discussion of the same reading on the following Tuesday. Written evaluation will be based on seminar discussion and five six-page papers on the different texts being read over the course of the semester. This course assumes no prior knowledge of Calvin or of the Reformation period.

1937 THEO 525 Topics in Early Christianity; Prayer & Mysticism/Early Church
TH 3:30-4:45 Daley, Brian
Course Description: In this course, we will consider some of the principal texts illustrating the growth of early Christian understanding of personal prayer and union with God. Beginning with second-century authors and reaching at least as far as Maximus Confessor (7th century), we will consider how early Christian writers in both West and East understood the Christian vocation to "pray always," and interpreted the implications of prayer for everyday life and for the Christian's hope of eternal life. Many Church Fathers developed their views on prayer in terms of the most familiar of Christian formulas, the Lord's Prayer, and wrote treatises interpreting that brief text as the heart of Christian spirituality. Others offered a version of what has come to be called "mystical" prayer, in which the individual consciousness is so united with God as to lose awareness of its own distinct individuality. Still others built their theology of prayer on an interpretation of the Church's liturgical and sacramental life, and presented the individual's quest for perfection as a living-out of the Church's collective vocation as the Body of Christ. In our attempt to see the main lines of development in early Christian spiritual theology, we will read works by Clement of Alexandria, Origen, Tertullian, Cyprian of Carthage, Gregory of Nyssa, Evagrius of Pontus, Augustine, John Cassian, the Pseudo-Macarian Homilies, the Pseudo-Dionysius, Diadochus of Photike, Maximus Confessor, and others. We will consider the relationship of their treatment of prayer and mysticism to their understanding and interpretation of Scripture, their Trinitarian theology, and their view of the status and the eschatological vocation of every person as called to share in the life and being of God.