Published by the American Library Association
IFRT Report
Intellectual Freedom Round Table No. 50-51, Winter 2003


OTHER ISSUES | | CONTENTS | FIRST ARTICLE | PREVIOUS ARTICLE | NEXT ARTICLE | LAST ARTICLE


Face to Face with a Public Forum


When our city Police Department decided to add face recognition software to existing CCTV cameras, surveillance became an issue of public concern. The newspaper and some officials came out in opposition. City Council wanted feedback from citizens and citizens wanted more information, so funding was found to hold a public forum. I was asked to help in the planning because I’m known to be interested in civil liberties. (That’s because I keep forwarding interesting tidbits from IFAN to people in other city agencies.) My assignment was to find contact information for possible speakers and to assemble background information for the audience.

It was a valuable learning experience for me. Much as I believe in citizen empowerment through information, I haven’t paid enough attention to the details of making it happen. And, it was a great way to get to know activists in the community. Our first step was identifying stakeholders in the issue. Surveillance is especially worrisome to minorities who fear being disproportionately suspected. Women also have reason to fear abuse of surveillance. Thus, our planning group included representatives from civic leagues, from human rights groups, from the police, and from League of Women Voters.

The planning group brainstormed all the questions that biometric surveillance raised so that we would be sure to have panelists whose expertise covered the necessary ground. Then we merged the questions into categories:

  • How does this technology work?
  • What are anticipated economic impacts?
  • What are anticipated public safety impacts?
  • What are anticipated civil liberties impacts?
  • What are anticipated civil rights impacts?
  • What safeguards can prevent abuse?
  • How will we know if this is a success?

Our specific questions were written out and shared with the panelists in advance because we wanted them to come prepared. For the audience, we assembled individual packets of information. We planned that questions from the audience would be collected in writing to eliminate position statements masquerading as questions. At the end, the audience would vote to advise City Council on whether to proceed with the project.

We knew we needed a balance of pro and con in the panel. The city cable TV staff insisted they could only tape the event if it was exactly balanced. At the same time, we wanted the audience to learn and think about all sides of the issue, not just watch verbal ping-pong and become more polarized. And we had a very short deadline to get commitment from very busy experts. We managed to secure Kent Willis, executive director of the ACLU of Virginia, John D. Woodward, Jr., senior policy analyst at RAND, and a business representative from Tampa, Florida where a similar system was installed. Our Chief of Police, a local attorney, and a moderator from the local PBS station completed the panel.

In the midst of our planning came September 11. Some members of the planning group changed their own positions on the issues and we knew the audience would be in a very different frame of mind. Even though the panelists on both sides pointed out that the system would not catch terrorists, in October it was hard to talk about public safety and not evoke terrorism. The audience vote at the end of the program was two to one in favor of installing face recognition software. A FAQ on the issues can be found at http://www.vbgov.com/city_hall/hot_topics/recognition.asp.

Although I’m disappointed in the decision to proceed, I think the thorough discussion of the issues has raised awareness of the need for citizen oversight. In addition to the program itself, cable-casts of the tape, links on the city website, and publicity have helped inform the community about privacy issues. Also, we now have more experience conducting a public forum on a complex issue that leaves the community better informed and less polarized than it was before. I’m pleased that the library was a part of this and that we are looking forward to more forums.

When "public forum" is brought up in the context of libraries, it usually means the quiet exchange of thoughts between print and reader. We should be very glad that courts from Kreimer to Loudoun have recognized that kind of public forum in the library. Nevertheless, there is room for libraries to get into face to face forums where the people can talk out their concerns and set direction for government.

Carolyn Caywood
Virginia Beach Public Library


For Further Reading...

MAGAZINE ARTICLES

"Public Forums for Today's Critical Issues." by Ann Heanue, Nancy Kranich, and Taylor Willingham, American Libraries, January 2003. p68, 2p.

"Watching You." Economist, 9/22/2001, Vol. 360 Issue 8240, p63, 2p.

"Visionics Conjures Orwellian Visions." Dan Goldblatt, Business News New Jersey, 8/14/2001-8/20/2001, Vol. 14 Issue 33, p8, 2p.

"You Can't Hide those Lying Eyes in Tampa." Miki Meek, U.S. News & World Report, 8/6/2001, Vol. 131 Issue 5, p20, 1p.

"Beach police win grant to scan faces" Agnes Blum, The Virginian-Pilot July 27, 2001

"No, You're Not Paranoid. . .Video Cameras ARE Watching." CQ Researcher, 06/15/2001, Vol. 11 Issue 23, p512, 2p.

"Bio-Keys." Sally Wiener Grotta, PC Magazine, 06/12/2001, Vol. 20 Issue 11, p162, 10p.

"Solving the Identity Crisis." Robert Matthews, World Link, May/Jun2001, p12, 2p.

"Face-Recognition Software Promotes Self-Service." Karin Halperin, Bank Systems & Technology, Mar2001, Vol. 39 Issue 3, p48, 1p.

BOOKS

Database Nation: The Death of Privacy in the 21st Century by Simson Garfinkel.
323.4480973 G231d Beijing ; Cambridge: O'Reilly, 2000.

High-tech IDs: From Finger Scans to Voice Patterns by Salvatore Tocci.
570.15195 T631h New York: Franklin Watts, 2000.

The Hundredth Window: Protecting Your Privacy and Security in the Age of the Internet by Charles Jennings and Lori Fena.
005.8 J54h New York: Free Press, 2000.

The Unwanted Gaze: The Destruction of Privacy in America by Jeffrey Rosen.
342.730858 R813u New York : Random House, c2000.

The Transparent Society: Will Technology Force Us to Choose Between Privacy and Freedom? by David Brin.
323.448 B858t Reading, Mass.: Perseus Books, c1998.

Mind Your Own Business: The Battle for Personal Privacy by Gini Graham Scott.
323.448 S426m New York: Insight Books, c1995.

The Right to Privacy by Ellen Alderman and Caroline Kennedy.
323.4480973 K35r 1997 New York: Vintage Books, 1997, c1995.

WEB SITES

American Library Association. Office for Intellectual Freedom. "Public Forum"
http://www.ala.org/alaorg/oif/publicforum.html

Big Brother Logs On by Ivan Amato
http://www.technologyreview.com/articles/amato0901.asp

Biometrics and Counter-Terrorism
http://www.ibia.org/Press%20Release%209.21.01.htm

Click. BEEP! Face Captured
http://www.sptimes.com/News/071901/Floridian/Click_BEEP_Face_captu.shtml

Directory of Face Recognition Research
http://www.cs.rug.nl/~peterkr/FACE/face.html

Electronic Privacy Information Center Face Recognition Page
http://www.epic.org/privacy/facerecognition/

Enquiry into Digital Images as Evidence
http://www.privacy.org/pi/issues/cctv/lords_testimony.html

Face recognition useless for crowd surveillance
http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/4/21916.html

Face Time, Facial recognition technologies have you pegged, whether you know it or not by Emelie Rutherford
http://www.idg.net/crd_recognition_651314_103.html

Face recognition system vendors
http://www.biometrics.org/html/face.html

Facial ID Systems Raising Concerns About Privacy
http://washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A12629-2001Jul31.html

The Positive Side of Biometrics by Julia Scheeres
http://www.wired.com/news/business/0,1367,46539,00.html

Privacy Commissioner releases finding on video surveillance
http://www.privcom.gc.ca/media/nr-c/02_05_b_011004_e.asp

Protecting Civilization from the Faces of Terror
http://www.visionics.com/newsroom/downloads/whitepapers/counterterrorism.pdf

Silent Video Surveillance in the Absence of Probably Cause - A Brief Legal Checklist by Colin Hatcher
http://www.best.com/~ddfr/Academic/Course_Pages/
21st_century_issues/21st_century_law/video_surveillance_01.htm


Super Bowl Surveillance: Facing Up to Biometrics by John D. Woodward Jr.
http://www.rand.org/publications/IP/IP209/IP209.pdf

A Watchful State by Jeffrey Rosen
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/07/magazine/07SURVEILLANCE.html

Your Face Is Not a Bar Code: Arguments Against Automatic Face Recognition in Public Places by Phil Agre
http://dlis.gseis.ucla.edu/people/pagre/bar-code.html



OTHER ISSUES | | CONTENTS | FIRST ARTICLE | PREVIOUS ARTICLE | NEXT ARTICLE | LAST ARTICLE


Published by the American Library Association
IFRT Report
Intellectual Freedom Round Table No. 50-51, Winter 2003