Cult Archaeology:  UFO Case Studies


By:  Michael Zinser & Laly Molina


[Overview] [Case Studies] [Photo Gallery] [Bibliography]

    UFO Overview

What Is It?
    Since the beginning of time, man has glanced up at the skies and wondered what exists beyond earth.  Man’s curiosity of the universe and eagerness to uncover the unknown has sometimes led them to “jump the gun” and misinterpret strange objects they see in the skies.  As more and more reports of unidentified objects emerged, the U.S. Air Force labeled these incidents as being “unidentified flying objects” or UFO’s.  The Air Force took the term UFO’s to refer to objects in the sky that could be seen but not identified.  But this term soon took on a new meaning.  Blown out of its original context, the term UFO became a synonym to many for “alien spaceship.”  There is usually a logical explanation for whatever the observer witnessed, like a weather balloon or some kind of special effect, yet there are many non-skeptics out in the world that immediately label unidentified flying objects as flying saucers manned by extraterrestrials.

History
    As far as some people are concerned, UFO’s and aliens have been around since ancient times.  Erich von Daniken, a very well-know but not very credible author,  has written many books that discuss what he believes to be scientific evidence of alien visits.  He “sites art that includes flying beings, stories of visitors from the sky and archaeological oddities as proof” (UnMuseum).  The pictures below are examples of what he believes to be alien airfield.  These path lines are found in Peru’s Nazca Plain.



    Stories of “weird things in the sky” go as far back as Christopher Columbus’ time.  One of the crew members aboard the Santa Maria saw a “glittering thing in the distance (UnMuseum).  Then During WWII, aircraft pilots reported seeing “strange lights in the sky that neither seemed to be friendly or enemy crafts” (UnMuseum).  The aircraft pilots coined these crafts “foo fighters.”  Yet, according to the UnMuseum write-up, the modern tales of UFO’s, probably stemmed from an incident that occurred in 1947, involving an Idaho businessman and pilot named Kenneth Arnold.  While flying his plain over the Mount Rainier, Washington, Arnold told reporters that he “spotted a formation of nine, silvery, disc-shaped objects flying in and out of mountains” (UnMuseum).  The flying machines seemed to be twice as fast as any aircraft known during that time.  The reporter coined these discs “flying saucers” and the name stuck.  Many more sightings and sketchy stories like this emerged during the late 1940’s.  Some examples include, actual extraterrestrial contact, a U.S. plane being shot down by UFO’s, and a crashed alien spaceship being salvaged by the government.  In order to control the UFO frenzy that was going on, the government decided to create a group to investigate these reports.  The investigation ran under the most well-known name of “Project Blue Book” (UnMuseum).

Types of Encounters
    Out of the various UFO investigations, arose a classification system that categorized contacts with UFO’s based on the amount of interaction with humans, and the categories were: close encounters of the first, second, and third kind (UnMuseum).


    There is also another category that falls under “alien abductions,” and these are stories of people being kidnapped by aliens and undergo some type of examination and then released.

How Do You Explain Such Experiences?
    Of all the UFO reports, about 80% are simple cases of misinterpretation (UnMuseum).  What an individual witnessed could have been one of the planets, the unusual electrical glow of Saint Elmo’s fire, kites, balloons, secret military aircrafts, and so on.  The last 20% or so of reports, more likely than not, are cases of fraud.  There many people who think it’s funny to play tricks on people and actually stage some kind of encounter or there are others who make up stories to get attention or something.  Hoaxes are not illegal so there isn’t much that can be done to prevent such incidents, except for maybe teaching the general public to beware of improbable stories and not buy into everything they hear or read.

What about UFOs and the Media?
    The vehicle through which most people learn about and attain an image of UFO’s is the media.  Television, books, movies, and newspapers all affect the way we perceive aliens and UFO’s.  I am sure a good chunk of the U.S. has seen movies such as Men In Black, Aliens, Species and ET.  When we think of UFO’s or aliens we are usually imagining something we saw in one of these movies.  But keep in mind that all of these images are computerized and completely fabricated!
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Case Studies

    Since 2001, Bedhampton, a small British community in Havant England has been a hotbed for UFO activity…allegedly.  As with many UFO sightings and encounters, there are always some very gray areas in the explanation and accounts.  The aspect of this story that stuck out the most was that, even though Bedhampton has been experiencing such common recurrences of UFO activity, only one witness is quoted or referenced in this article.  Although it is mentioned that “I have followed every incident involving several respected and reliable witnesses,” none of these witnesses were even named or their incidents described.  Furthermore, though these other witnesses allegedly have conclusive video evidence, the author still claims that “I still have not a reasonable explanation to the intense degree of sightings reported and taped by these witnesses.”  If UFO sightings and activity is such a common occurrence in this area, why can the author not even provide a name of other details than “I’ve seen it.”?

    The author seems to have no real authority pertaining to the subject.  The closest thing that resembles authority is that Abby Parker, “have been deeply involved in this enigmatic phenomena for a long time and her encounters have been taking place regularely in the field near of her home in Bedhampton as well as other places in the area.”  Obviously Abby Parker is quite expert in the supernatural realm.  It is ridiculous to believe that she has any actual conclusive knowledge on the subject.  It would be like me saying, “there have been three plane crashes in my community in the past 3 years, I consider myself to be a reputable researcher and analyst of plane crashes.”

    The evidence that is provided on the web site is nothing more than very dull and blurry images.  However, the author has given us no choice but to accept them as UFO’s as in one picture, he labels an airplane as “aircraft” and a mere speck above the clouds as “UFO.”  (Click here to see UFO picture gallery)  So it has been labeled, and so it must be.  He also goes on to say, “The images present solid and consistent objects present in the environment and their characteristics and behaviors are not conventional to our actual technology. These are structured crafts that denote intelligent behavior and the characteristics they display defy our physic laws.”  Yet he fails to provide any explanation as to what these characteristics and behaviors might be.  His claims that the images denote intelligent behavior and that they defy our physic laws are completely unfounded.  They are in the air at the time of the picture.  It is very unclear as to how an object, photographed during a mere moment where it is suspended in the air defies any laws of physics.  It seems more that the author’s claims more likely defy human laws of common sense and rationality.

    Another phenomena that is common with the concept of UFO’s is the thought that the government, and even NASA in this case, are involved in a secret cover-up conspiracy.  Jim Marrs, provides an article explaining the cover-up that NASA has taken part in to silence astronauts from speaking about the extraterrestrial life that they encounter while in outer space.  While Jim Marrs is the recipient of a college education, a bachelors degree in Journalism from the University of North Texas as well as graduate work at Texas Tech, his degree seems to be one that does not exactly lend itself to being a researcher of outer space and extraterrestrial life.

    The basis of Marrs’ articles is that NASA switched their radio contact over to secret channels that they could monitor and censor anything that “the people” were not supposed to know.  However, an unnamed (seems convenient) ham radio enthusiast had tapped into the radio transmissions from the Appolo 11 mission where man landed in the Sea of Tranquility.  He overheard an astronaut exclaim, “These babies are huge, sir….enormous…Oh, God, you wouldn’t believe it!  I’m telling you there are other spacecraft out there…lined up on the far side of the crater edge…they’re on the moon watching us.” However, NASA never mentioned such a transmission in order to protect the public from startling news that could invoke chaos.  Marrs also claims that NASA has informed its astronauts and employees to “1.  rewrite and even destroy documents ‘to minimize adverse impact’; 2.  mix up documents and camouflage handwriting so that the document’s meaning would be ‘less meaningful’; and 3. take steps to ‘enhance the utility’ of various FOIA (Freedom of Information Act) exemptions.  While it does appear that there might be some possible wrongdoings within the government and NASA, it does not conclude that they are directly speaking about an alien cover-up.  Many times in cult archaeology things are quoted out of context, and the author does not lend alternative explanations (as in this case), but rather leaves the reader to believe all or nothing.

    As in most cult archaeology cases, there is a lack of conclusive evidence.  These two cases have not differed from that norm.  While there are many listed examples and claims to substantiate the authors viewpoint, they are simply nothing more than claims.  In most cases the “evidence” that the authors have spoken about (radio transmissions and videotaped footage) somehow are never available or are unavailable until further research has been conducted.  Perhaps cult archaeology might be looked at in more of a serious light if there ever really seemed to be any substantial evidence to support the thousands of claims.
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UFO Gallery








Bibliography


Alien Zoo Website - Astronauts Silenced on the UFO Topic?
http://shop.alienzoo.com/conspiracytheory/astronautsandufos.html

Recent UFO Images From Bedhampton, England
http://www.qtm.net/~geibdan/a2003/mar/abbyparkerufo.htm


UnMuseum - Hall of UFO Mysteries
http://unmuseum.mus.pa.us/ufo.htm






[Overview] [Case Studies] [Photo Gallery] [Bibliography]
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