Questions for September 25


WHY DOES DESCARTES NEED THE SIXTH MEDITATION?

If Descartes proves God's existence and God being a non-deceiver in the Third Meditation, then what is the purpose of having a Sixth Meditation?  Why do we need this meditation if all that it proves at the end is that material things must exist because God would not deceive us to make us have ideas of all these things?

If he concludes that our ideas must exist as we perceive them, because otherwise we are being deceived, why all the individual proofs in the Sixth Meditation?


GOD'S OMNIPOTENCE

Is there anything God can't do?  At the beginning of the sixth meditation (71),
Descartes suggests that God is incapable of things that I can't perceive
distinctly.  Is he questioning God's omnipotence or is he just saying that he
isn't able to clearly perceive things or understand God's power?


UNDERSTANDING, IMAGINATION, AND MATERIAL THINGS

Please explain exactly what is going on in Descartes' distinction between imagination and intellection - and why isn't imagination as essential to him as other forms of thinking (73)?

(73) How does Descartes move from understanding vs. imagining to the conclusion
that the body "probably" exists?

How does Descartes' distinction between pure intellection and imagination prove that a body (probably) exists (m72-73)?  More specifically, why is it that "the power of imagining depends upon something distinct from me" (m73)?

What does Descartes mean when he writes that "[when the mind imagines] it turns toward the body, and intuits in the body something that conforms to an idea either understood by the mind or perceived by sense" (m73)?  Does the mind literally turn toward the body when using the imagination ?  When I form a mental image of a chiliagon, is it literally in my brain?  Also, what does Descartes mean exactly by "body" in this passage?

How is it possible that "nothing else belongs to my nature or essence except that I am a thinking thing" if some kinds of thinking (e.g.,. imagining) depend upon the body (m78)?
Why are some kinds of thinking (e.g., pure intellecting) essential to our minds while others (e.g., imagining) are not (m73)?  Which kinds of thinking are essential to our minds, which are inessential, and how can we know which is which?

In Meditation Two (marginal page 28), Descartes says "But what then am I?  A thing that thinks.  What is that?  A thing that doubts...and that also imagines and senses."  Descartes' essence is as a thinking thing, but in Meditation Six (73), he excludes imagining from his essence.  Why does he contradict his conception of what a thinking thing is?


ARGUMENT FOR THE SEPARATION OF MIND AND BODY

How does the proof of the separability of the mind and the body work (78)?

In 78, is Descartes arguing that the body is separate from the mind simply
because his idea of a body is separate from his idea of a mind?  Why does his
"ability clearly and distinctly to understand one thing without another suffice
to make [him] certain that the one thing is different from the other"?

In 78, Descartes argues that the body and mind are distinct.  Does he think that
the mind exists after the body dies?

Could you explain the concept on page 78 about the ability to clearly and distinctly distinguish things from each other, especially in relation to mental and physical separation?

At the end of 78, Descartes writes, “Thus I perceive them to be distinguished
from me as modes from a thing.”  What does that mean, and what are modes?

In 78, Descartes argues that the body and mind are distinct.  Does he think that
the mind exists after the body dies?