Department of Psychology
University of Notre Dame

Basic Processes in Learning, Cognition, and Motivation


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Learning and Motivation Work with Animals

Crowell, C. R. and Anderson, D. C. (1972). Variations in intensity, interstimulus interval, and interval between pre-conditioning CS exposures and conditioning with rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 79, 291-298.

Crowell, C. R., Brown, J. S., and Lewis, R. W. (1972). Self-punitive behavior in the rat during successive-discrimination "extinction" trials. Psychonomic Science, 27, 131-135.

Crowell, C. R. (1974). Conditioned-aversive aspects of electric shock. Learning and Motivation, 5, 209-220.

Crowell, C. R. (1974). The role of shock-induced emotionality in the reinforcing effects of response-contingent shock-rate reduction. Dissertation Abstracts, 34, 46-47.

Brown, J. S., and Crowell, C. R. (1974). Alcohol and conflict resolution: A theoretical analysis. Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 35, 66-85.

Crowell, C. R. (1974). Shock-frequency reduction and avoidance behavior in a running wheel. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 3, 395-397.

Eaton, N. K., Crowell, C. R., and Brown, J. S. (1974.) Acquisition and extinction of runway performance under escape, avoidance, and partial-avoidance procedures. Animal Learning & Behavior, 2, 193-297.

Anderson, D. C., Crowell, C. R., Koehn, D., and Lupo, J. V. (1976). Different intensities of unsignalled inescapable shock treatments as determinants of non-shock motivated upon open field behavior: A resolution of disparate results. Physiology and Behavior, 17, 391-394.

Eaton, N. K., and Crowell, C. R. (1977). Two-way self-punitive locomotor behavior. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 9, 73-76.

Crowell, C. R. and Brown, J. S. (1977). The psychology of conflict. In B. Wolman (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Neurology, Psychiatry, Psychoanalysis, and Psychology. New York: Aesculapius Publishers.

Anderson, D. C., Crowell, C. R., Lupo, J. V., and Sarmina, T. (1978). The effects of sex and exposure to inescapable shock on shock-elicited fighting in albino rats. Physiological Psychology, 5 445-448.

Crowell, C. R., Lupo, J. V., Cunningham, C. L., & Anderson, D. C. (1977). Temporal form of shock is a determinant of magnitude of interference with escape-avoidance learning produced by exposure to inescapable shock. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 12, 407-410.

Crowell, C. R., & Bernhardt, T. (1979). The feature-positive effect and sign-tracking behavior during discrimination learning in the rat. Animal Learning & Behavior, 5, 313-317.

Anderson, D. C., Crowell, C. R., Cunningham, C. L., & Lupo, J. V. (1979). Behavior during shock as a determinant of the magnitude of interference with escape-avoidance learning in the rat. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 5, 243-257.

Crowell, C. R., & Anderson, D. C. (1979). The effects of a passive-escape procedure on activity during shock and subsequent interference with escape-avoidance learning in the rat: A replication. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 14, 413-416.

Anderson, D. C., Crowell, C. R., Wikoff, M. B., & Lupo, J. V. (1980). Activity during prior shock determines subsequent shock-elicited fighting in the rat. Animal Learning & Behavior, 8, 664-672.

Crowell, C. R., and Anderson, D. C. (1981). Influence of duration and number of inescapable shocks on intrashock activity and subsequent interference effects. Animal Learning & Behavior, 9, 28-37.

Crowell, C. R., Hinson, R., & Siegel, S. (1981). The role of conditional drug responses in tolerance to the hypothermic effects of ethanol. Psychopharmacology, 73, 51-54.

Crowell, C. R. and Moskal, P. (1981). On the manifestation of stimulus-directed behavior in the rat. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 17, 41-44.

Anderson, D. C., Crowell, C. R., & Brown, J. S. (1982). Retardation of extinction of an escape response by prolonged intense goal-box shock. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 96, 184-191.

Anderson, D. C., Crowell, C. R., & Brown, J. S. (1985). Startle potentiation and heart rate as affected by fear and hunger. Psychological Reports, 56, 95-109.

Anderson, D. C., Crowell, C. R., & Siroky, L. (1985). Activity, startle magnitude, and prolonged food and water deprivation: Two failures to duplicate. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 23, 423-426.

Anderson, D. C., Crowell, C. R., Boyd, N., & Hantula, D. (1995) Fixed-duration shock treatment: Pre- and post-treatment stimulation, activity, and skin resistance as predictors of escape performance. Psychobiology, 23, 329-344.

Anderson, D. C., Crowell, C. R., DePaul, M., & McEachin, J. (1997). Intensification of punishment effects through exposure to brief, fixed-duration shocks: The role of shock cues as a stimulus for fear.  Animal Learning & Behavior, 25, 68-83.

    Analogue Research in Human Behavior

Crowell, C. R. (1976). Fear of crime: Overview and bibliography. In J. Kromkowski, Neighborhood deterioration and juvenile crime. South Bend: Urban Observatory.

Konarski, E. A., Jr. Johnson, M. R., Crowell, C. R., & Whitman, T. L. (1980). Response deprivation and reinforcement in applied settings: A preliminary analysis. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 13, 595-609.

Quintanar, L. R., Cacioppo, J. T., Crowell, C. R., Sklar, J. A., & Snyder, C. W. (1981). Comparative effects of cranial vasoconstriction and digital vasodilation feedback on migraine. Psychophysiology, 18, 159-160 (Abstract).

Konarski, E. A., Jr., Johnson, M. R., Crowell, C. R., & Whitman, T. L. (1981). An alternative approach to reinforcement for applied researchers: Response deprivation. Behavior Therapy, 12, 653-666.

Konarski, E. A., Jr., Crowell, C. R., Johnson, M. R., & Whitman, T. L. (1982). Response deprivation, reinforcement, and instrumental academic performance in an EMR classroom. Behavior Therapy, 13, 94-102.

Konarski, E. A., Crowell, C. R., & Duggan, L. M. (1985). Use of the response deprivation hypothesis to increase the academic performance of EMR students. Applied Research in Mental Retardation, 6, 15-31.

Hantula, D. A. & Crowell, C. R. (1991). Experience or framing? Further inquiry into the dynamics of persistence and escalation of commitment. Proceedings of the Academy of Management, 54, 198-204.

Hantula, D. A., & Crowell, C. R. (1994). Intermittent reinforcement and escalation processes in sequential decision making: A replication and theoretical analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 14, 7-36.

Hantula, D. A., & Crowell, C. R. (1994). Investment choices in a multiple alternative environment: Escalation of commitment or behavioral contrast? Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 27, 607-617

Cognitive and Imitation Processes

Kreager, R., Crowell, C. R., & Villano, M. (2010). Context effects on imitation: How action context can modulate imitation performance. Proceedings of the Indiana Academic of Social Sciences Annual Meeting, Indianapolis, IN: IASS.

Biggs, A. T., Kreager, R. D., Gibson, B. S, Villano, M., & Crowell, C. R.  (in press). Semantic and affective salience: The role of meaning and preference in attentional capture and disengagement.  Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance.

Crowell, C. R., Moskal, J. R. Burgdorf, J., & Panksepp, J. (in press). Top down causation in the brain: Some promises and challenges.  In G. Auletta, I. Colage, & M. Jeannerod (Eds.). A neuroscience approach to top down causation. Vatican City, IT: Vatican Press.

 



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