Editor's note: Letters about Anthony DePalma's
spring issue story "The Soul of University" are available
at www.nd.edu/~ndmag/sp2004/soulletters.html
Oh, Those Indulgences
I just read "Escape From Purgatory" by John M. Nichols in your
Spring 2004 issue. Not only was there much truth in the article,
but it was also written in such a comical way it was a joy to
read. I think you should have Mr. Nichols submit an article for
each issue. Rest assured your readers would turn to his writing
before reading anything else in each issue.
Mrs. O. F. Zimmerman
Horseshoe Bay, Texas
John Nichol's article may well be written tongue-in-cheek. To
the extent he's serious, however, he may (as an attorney) appreciate
what those having experience in criminal law well know: The world's
serious problems are caused not by people with an excess sense
of guilt but by those who have no sense of guilt at all.
Noel J. Augustyn '74J.D.
Chevy Chase, Maryland
John Nichols ("Escape From Purgatory") would commiserate with
the main character in a short story by Grahame Green (Collected
Stories published in 1973). In "Special Duties" Mr. Ferraro
employs a secretary in charge of his indulgences. The calculations
of John Nichols reminded me of Mr. Ferraro's lament about "spending
too much time in the lower brackets." I hope I get to read Bless
Me Father.
Anne Russo '57 SMC
Albuquerque, New Mexico
John Nichols'' glib recollections of his Catholic youth in "Escape
from Purgatory" have none of the self-effacing charm of, say,
Frank O'Connor''s short stories on the same topics. Worse, Nichols
makes no effort to differentiate his own boyish misappropriations
of Catholic practice from authentic teaching. Contrary to what
Nichols' account would lead us to believe, the Catholic theology
of forgiveness through canonical penance and indulgences reflects
a keen and compassionate sensitivity to fallen human nature as
well as a loving fidelity to the Sacred Scriptures.
Before Nichols -- and vicariously, the editors of Notre Dame
Magazine - contribute further to the mammoth disinformation campaign
against Catholicism, I suggest they get their facts straight.
That is, of course, after they first go to confession.
Michael P. Foley
Visiting Assistant Professor
University of Notre Dame
The Glory Be was a good deal. I used to see how many I could
say in one breath. Then when we started praying to the Holy Spirit
instead of the Holy Ghost, I worried that I had lost indulgences
from the old version.
I don't remember if there were indulgences earned by serving
the 5:30 a.m. Mass on Saturday -- but if you served a wedding
Mass later in the day sometimes you got a tip.
Thank you John Nichols.
Dick Lambert
Loyola U. Class of '70
Please convey to John Nichols - "Escape from Purgatory" my sincere
thanks and admiration for his having expressed his reflections
and experiences in such a way. There are no doubt thousands of
us here in the Pacific who would associate in every way with what
he writes. It is funny, even pathetic - but we are all prisoners
of what he mentions to some degree. I have circulated the article
here amongst the Auckland Diocesan Administration Office and as
well to friends who will also appreciate this text. As director
of Mahitahi here in Aotearoa, New Zealand (see www.mahitahi.org),
I assisted Daniel and Daniela Stollenwerk prepare for their work
in Madang PNG (see his Reflection online). So it has been with
pleasure that I read articles from your publication and have shared
them with people involved in development projects in our close-by
Pacific Islands.
Tim Walsh
New Zealand
Some Offensive Letters
I look forward to receiving Notre Dame Magazine each
quarter. The production values, editing, and content are all top-notch.
However, after getting the current issue in the mail yesterday,
I feel compelled to comment on what I see as a disturbing trend
in the letters to the editor.
In the Winter 2003 issue, Rebecca Kroeger accuses 91 percent
of American Catholics of apostacy because they do not answer "correctly"
an opinion-poll question on birth control. I found this comment
deeply offensive. Kroeger needs to pick up a dictionary before
writing, and not make such broad generalizations lightly.
In a later issue, Pat Syring claims that Professor Schmuhl is
deserving of eternal damnation because his article was deemed
sympathetic to Arab Muslims. Thankfully, Syring is not the judge
of Schmuhl's soul, nor of mine. He would do well to remember this.
Are pride and anger no longer among the seven deadly sins?
In the current issue, Pat Timon took issue with Martin Sheen's
inclusion in a litany (in a prior issue) of what is great about
Notre Dame. Timon derides Sheen as a pacifist, but I submit that
Christ was and is the penultimate pacifist. Faithfulness to the
totality of Church teaching should take precedence over partisan
politics and theological cherry-picking.
Lastly, Andrew Santella's column lambasting the "touchy-feeliness"
of some contemporary liturgies is a lament I have heard many times
before, both personally and on BeliefNet, of which I am a member.
Santella clearly does not get the idea that the Mass is partly
about the embrace (both spriritual and literal) of the faithful.
If shaking a stranger's hand once a week is such anathema to him,
why bother being Catholic? In his defense, Santella at least owns
up to his curmudgeonly ways.
It has been said on B'net that the new battle lines are not between
Catholics and Protestants, but between conservative and liberal
Christians. My experience, both at ND and since, bears this out.
While I feel a bit exiled these days, I continue to be committed
to both the Church and to its most progressive ideas on social
justice.
On a much more positive note, John Nichols' piece on Catholic
guilt resonated deeply with me. It was both hilarous (reminiscent
of John Powers) and touching. Also well done was Mitch Finley's
article on the return of alienated Catholics. This is a topic
I think you need to continue to explore in future issues.
On the whole, the magazine is a great publication. Keep up the
good work!
John R. Flory '88
The contrast is stunning: In the Letters Section of your Spring
2004 edition, Doug and Mary Ann Smego refer to 'in loco parentis'
as "downright absurd and ludicrous for 2004." Then, in the edition's
cover article, Anthony DePalma tells of placing the care of his
son in the University's hands - and the very moving story of the
support he and his wife, and his son received when his son was
so ill.
Thanks to Mr. DePalma for shining a light on the spirituality
of ministry that lies at the very "soul of our University" - and
especially for sharing a story about the wonderful ministry that
men and women like John Conley, CSC, Mark Poorman, CSC and Bill
Kirk do every day outside of the public eye. I hope that Mr. and
Mrs. Smego were reading well.
Stephen M. Koeth. CSC '99
Moreau Seminary
Returning to the Church
After graduating from ND in 1963, after 16 years of Catholic
education, I went on to graduate school, then spent three years
in the Marine Corps. On my own for the first time, my Catholicism
immediately "lapsed." ("Back in the Fold") Afterwards, getting
married, earning a living, and raising a family, I drifted further
away, more through laziness than any theological issue. Then,
in 1990, I noticed an article in our local newspaper, announcing
an information meeting for our parish's Re-Membering
program, designed to reintroduce "fall-away Catholics" to their
faith. I attended the meeting, and returned weekly for 12 90-minute
sessions. What was presented was the Catholic religion, dramatically
transformed by the Vatican II Council, and from an adult point
of view. On the following Holy Thursday, I emotionally returned
to the faith of my youth. For the last 14 years I have been an
active parishioner, a Eucharistic Minister, and a member of the
Re-Membering team. As such, I am a "companion" to others
who wish to take a look at returning to the fold.
Like Mr. Finley, I am constantly amazed at why some Catholics
choose to leave their faith. The reasons are sometimes trivial,
sometimes erroneous, and often out of date. And also like Mr.
Finley, I've discovered that, for the most part, those that have
been away for years, and even decades, often profess that in all
those years, deep down they always considered themselves a Catholic.
I take great joy in telling them "Welcome back!"
Robert C. Bartolo Sr. '63
Columbia, Maryland
Just finished reading Mitch Finley''s article "Back in the Fold."
The Bible is the Word of God. It is inerrant in all it proclaims
as it was written in the original autographs. The message is simple,
God sent his only Son as a blameless sacrifice to pay for our
sins. Nothing we can do here on earth is good enough to grant
us salvation. Our only recourse is to acknowledge this fact and
ask God to let Jesus'' death atone for our sins and accept His
free gift of salvation. (John 3:16 for you football fans.) Once
we have accepted this fact then we are asked by God through Christ
to spread the message and fulfill the ""Great Commission"" (Matthew
28:18-20). The article never mentions the Catholic church''s silence
on these facts as the cause of alienation.
After living 30+ years as a practicing Catholic, I left the church.
I personally believe the church doctrine is counter to the Word
of God. I highly recommend readers read the apostle Paul's letter
to the Galatians. Substitute the word "Catholics" for "Galatians"
if you dare.
Maybe the reason Catholics are leaving in droves is similar to
my own; the church demands performance of arbitrary absolutes,
rituals, works and doctrine created by the church hierarchy as
a means of controlling the congregation, and inconsistent with
Biblical Truth.
Perhaps returning Catholics are searching for the comfort of
these rituals and the "controlling hand" of the church. The church
compartmentalizes religion conveniently to an hour on Sundays
for most. Walking in faith challenges one to put others needs
ahead of their own consistently, and to question and challenge
those who undermine Biblical Truth. Ironically, I went back to
a Catholic church about a year ago for a mass. It amazed me how
easy it was to drone on and on repeating the chants, without any
thought to what was being said or why. There was nothing personal
about it.
If the spiritual tradition of the church obscures the Word of
God, get rid of the tradition and get back to Christian faith.
There is no need for coexistence of faith and tradition. It is
in fact detrimental. This is the focus of Paul's message to the
Galatians.
God wants a personal relationship with each of us. He does not
require an intercessory. It wouldn''t be personal relationship
if there was one. I am secure in the knowledge that I will go
to heaven based on faith in Christ''s blameless sacrifice on my
behalf. Are you? If not, I urge you to ask Him now.
Gary Hickman ''78
Iraq
Kudos to Notre Dame Magazine for publishing the articles
which show differing views of the Iraqi war. But the one story
that clearly stands out is the one authored by Father Michael
J. Baxter ("Christmas in Iraq"). This picture of Iraq was motivated
by humanitarian concerns and, as the author points out, a way
of "showing solidarity with the people of Iraq." No one knows
for sure how many Iraqis that the ruthless Saddam Hussein had
executed. But we do know that our "smart" bombs and rockets have
killed tens of thousands of Iraqi men, women, and children, and
maimed many times more. All the untruthful reasons we were given
to justify the war have been replaced by, "Oh well, Saddam was
an evil dictator." Is it now our mission to destroy all countries
in the world who have "evil dictators"? We are told by straight-faced
administration officials that President Bush has a "vision" for
a "democratic Iraq." In all due respect, this president who is
arguably one of the most unread and inarticulate in our history,
can hardly have a "vision" for a culture and a people for which
he has almost zero knowledge. It is all too easy for some Americans
to proclaim that we are doing the "right thing" while it is the
Iraqi infrastructure and population that are being devastated.
When Father Baxter writes of Iraqi cities which are "knee deep
in body parts" one can only conclude what an unmitigated disaster
to all humanity that this war represents.
Robert J. Williams
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
I usually appreciate your editorial decisions, and the idea of
first-hand accounts of the Iraq conflict drew me right in. But
I would have hoped that at least one of four articles on Iraq
would contain some substantive analysis of our behavior in terms
of the Church's Just War doctine (especially given the Church's
position that the justification for war was dubious, a position
which the national debate has ignored). Dustin Ferrill's piece
came the closest - mentioning the concept twice - but his analysis
limited itself to whether we started the war with right intentions.
Surely he knew that right intention is only one of the prongs
of the Just War analysis. None of the pieces you published considered
(1) whether war was waged as a last resort, (2) whether the damage
caused was proportional to the gains sought, or (3) whether the
probability of creating a peaceful Iraq made the fight worth starting.
I know that Father Baxter hails from a pacifist Catholic Worker
background, so I forgive him for not employing the Just War doctrine
-- but I found it incredible that two Notre Dame ROTC graduates
didn't leave Notre Dame with the Just War doctrine seared into
their consciousness. Could they really have gone through four
years of discussions about military doctrine and strategy, and
of Catholic philosophy and theology, without their minds instinctively
reaching out to determine whether the relevant criteria were met?
I think not. It seems much more likely that they didn't mention
the doctrine in their articles because they knew, consciously
or not, that starting this war was not just - even if our intentions
were righteous.
I am not (yet) a cynic, and actually, I don't doubt the president's
intentions in starting this war. Nor do I doubt the intentions
of the pro-choice crowds in Washington last month. But both have
internalized ideologies that are anti-life, and the consequences
of both positions are death. As Catholics, we have an obligation
to say it like it is. Regardless of intentions, this war was wrongly
begun.
Charles Roth '96J.D.
Chicago, Illinois
I read with great interest the spring 2004 issue of Notre
Dame Magazine. The article by Anthony DePalma was excellent
and thought-provoking. We should treasure what makes Notre Dame
the special place that it is.
Thank you, also, for allowing Capt. DeKever and Lt. Ferrell to
share their experiences in Iraq. Capt. DeKever presented the clearest
and most concise case for the war in Iraq that I have read anywhere.
Their two articles should put to rest any doubt about having a
ROTC program at Notre Dame.
It is exactly the sort of intelligent, compassionate and thoughtful
soldiers exemplified by these two men that our country must have
in our armed forces if we are to conduct ourselves with honor
in war. I am proud of their sacrifices for our country and the
fine example they make for Notre Dame.
Thomas J. Lanahan '93
Atlantis, Florida
Let Go Of My Hand
I loved Andrew Santella's essay "Letting Go"! I am annoyed by
those who think grabbing someone's hand is more important than
the prayer itself. I view this unwelcome hand grabbing as a self-righteous
act of hypocrisy. Maybe all the hand grabbers should be forced
to sit in a special section.
Tom Mangan '74MBA
"Letting Go," by Andrew Santella, pressed a hot-button for me.
I'm not the least embarassed or uncomfortable about shaking hands
or holding hands with people around me in church. I will often
refrain from that practice, however, for health reasons. This
is true, especially during cold and flu season. Ask your personal
physician what the most common and most effective means of transmitting
a cold or the flu is, and chances are that he will say, "through
personal contact."
Perhaps you've had the experience of sitting near someone in
church who sneezes and coughs into their hands during Mass. Then,
at the appropriate time, they generously offer those hands to
you. Worse, they may want to hug you.
I don't feel the least embarrassed or uncomfortable about smiling
at that person and keeping my hands in my pockets.
Please people, when you're feeling at death's door with the flu,
DO NOT succumb to our traditional Catholic guilt, and drag yourself
to Mass. If priests cannot exercise good judgement in this area
by refraining from pressuring parishioners to exercise the hand-hold
during the flu season, then at least do what you can to protect
your fellow parishioners, stay home. If you just can't stand it,
make up the Mass with two next week, when you're feeling better.
Tom Dargis '63
Georgetown, Texas
I totally agree with Andrew Santella in "Letting Go"
as to the American practice of holding hands with strangers during
the Lord's Prayer. It could be worse, as we have a "triple
whammy" at our church. Just before the beginning of Mass
we are instructed to "in a show of solidarity, greet your
neighbor" (hand shaking). After the required hand holding
at the Lord's Prayer, we are again instructed to "greet your
neighbor" (more hand shaking). During these shaking/holding
episodes the noise in church reminds me of a Mary Kay convention.
I have traveled extensively throughout Europe, Asia and Mexico
and attended Masses in Spain, Notre Dame, the Vatican, etc., where
the hand holding/shaking is not done. I wonder if the apostles
held hands at the last supper when reciting a prayer,
As Mr. Santella said, a remedy is Just Don't Do It.
Edward D'Arcy '52
The Woodlands, Texas
Relics
Having jettisoned religion during my years at Notre Dame - along
with a majority of my classmates, according to contemporaneous
surveys, and in line with the comment of Father Hesburgh that
ND was the best place one could lose one's faith - I seem to recall
more than vaguely that only 11 of the 12 apostles merited beatification
and sainthood, requirements for their remains to be classified
later as relics. Jennifer Osterhage (Spring 2004, p, 12) comments
that one of the University's reliquaries is assumed to hold remains
of all 12 apostles. Are remnants of Judas' mortal remains therefore
now to be considered relics? Is he considered a saint by those
at Notre Dame?
Thomas W. Filardo, '67
It's a shame you did not include the web letter from Jack Mahon,
class of 1969, in your print issue for the Spring. I too find
myself embarrassed to have attended Notre Dame after reading some
of the hateful, self-righteous vitriol spewed in some recent letters
to the editor (damning people to the fires of hell for example).
Notre Dame magazine used to be one of the best University magazines
in the country. Now, it's nothing more than a public relations
arm for the University and some of its more narrow-minded, arrogant
graduates.
Paul Czarnecki
A Superb Actor
Julie York Coppens' article "Ora Jones Lights Up Her Town" (Spring,
2004) is a much deserved tribute to a talented former student
who has developed into a superb professional actor. However, in
the interest of accuracy, I must note that I told Julie that I
first saw Ora in Cabaret, not that I "cast" her. Indeed,
that production was produced by a student organization--Student
Players. It was directed by a student whose directing work I went
to observe that night.
I mention this because such organizations, including the theatre
department's own laboratory series, have long provided students
opportunities to get started in theatre on campus as well as to
try new and different creative endeavors from the department's
mainstage series. Although often unheralded, these groups through
the years have made for a vital alternative theatre scene on campus.
Reginald F. Bain '57
Notre Dame Associate Professor of Theatre (Emeritus)
Granger, Indiana
Chemo
In response to the article "Stomaching Chemotherapy Getting Easier,"
acupuncture is also a highly effective therapy. The healing relationship
can support the individual body, mind, and spirit. Symptomatology
such as dry mouth, metallic taste, nausea, etc., all can be addressed
in addition to addressing the patient's spirits as well as those
of the care-givers. Many patients report significant improvements
in energy and postoperative healing as well as minimal adverse
reaction to chemotherapy and less fatigue and burn reaction from
radiation therapy. Many people are supported successfully in the
partnership of acupuncture and report feeling better themselves,
coming to wholeness.
Mary Beth Gibbons
McLean, Virginia
The Presidential Poet
After uncovering the autumn 2003 issue again from our coffee
table I was pleased to read page 49 featuring Jacqueline Vaught
Brogan's article on Charles L. O'Donnell, CSC, poet and president
of Notre Dame. Father O'Donnell was president during my time at
Notre Dame. I would like to reread again Father O'Donnell's eulogy
of Knute Rockne given in early April 1931 at Rock's funeral Mass
at that time in the Sacred Heart Church. My brother Tom "Red"
Hearden, captain of Rock's 1926 team attended his funeral Mass
and often referred to O'Donnell's eulogy as a master piece. Is
a copy still available? Thank you, Jacqueline for revisiting Father
O'Donnell's poetry, as many fortunate have been Another Singer.
Peter M. Hearden '37
Boca Raton, Florida
I enjoy receiving your magazine more than anything besides, perhaps,
income tax refunds. I feel compelled to share a little private
story. Last October, every night, I would visit my father, Tom
'53 in the local hospital's intensive care unit. He had leukemia
and couldn't talk because he was hooked up to oxygen. On one particular
night when we just learned that the days were very limited, I
went through the mail before leaving for the hospital. I found
Notre Dame Magazine, Autumn '03. Great, I thought, there's
bound to be some stories I could read that would interest him.
I grabbed it and left. I showed him the picture of Notre Dame's
fall sugar maple leaves and read the poem "At Notre Dame." Thank
you.
Peter Eckland
Lake Bluff, Illinois
We All Want Peace
I met Nancy & George Mairs a number of years ago when we
were attending the Newman Center at the U of Arizona. Nice folks
and a very courageous couple. However, that said, I've never agreed
with her philosophy of life and take great exception to the activities
of Women in Black on the corner of "Speedway and Euclid." Not
to their right to demonstrate! Not what they want as an end! But
to their apparent lack of understanding that it takes two to "Wage
Peace!" Why is their protest not aimed at Al Qiada & UBL or
Hamas or Hezbollah? As I have written before the only reason pacifists
are permitted to be out there demonstrating is because their country
has gone to war to defend their rights. We all want peace! I was
a naval officer on duty for 22 years, served in Viet nam and certainly
worked for peace for all those years. So come on Nancy, how about
asking the terrorists to put down their homicide belts?
William D. (Bill) Hohmann '58
Tucson, Arizona
Business ethics
Mary Ann Proctor ''73 impugns (Letters, Spring issue) the ethics
of business managers who outsource jobs overseas, causing hardship
to "dispossessed" Americans. But the ethics I learned at Notre
Dame indicate that managers act ethically when employing foreign
workers, who doubtless are more impoverished than their American
counterparts, in order to lower the cost of products for poor
as well as rich consumers. Moreover, lower prices leave consumers
money to buy other things, while foreign workers gain dollars
to spend on American goods or investments.
International trade in goods and services benefits both importing
and exporting countries. Both buyer and seller perceive gain in
every transaction; otherwise one or the other would call it off.
Of course international trade hurts some individuals just as technological
change hurts others, but society as a whole benefits from both.
Economic progress, Joseph Schumpeter pointed out, is a process
of creative destruction. Governments should help workers transfer
to the jobs of tomorrow, not protect them in the jobs of yesterday.
Terence Byrne, '57
Rockville, MD
Core Course
With the realization that I just sent you another comment on
an article in ND Magazine I cannot refrain from commenting on
the lunancy of the demise of the A&L Core Course. I was aghast
at the reduction of teaching load by one-third for A&L professors.
My goodness they get 34-hours of out of classroom time a week
and all summer off. What a deal!
I thought a liberal arts curriculum was meant to provide an educated,
not a trained, student.
Curriculum should not be based on ideas of inclusiveness and
relavancy to "modern" students but on the intellectual stimulation
and education to be derived from great works of Western Civilization.
Professors with PHDs no better prepared than 18 -year old sophomores
to lead a seminar! WOW!
Notre Dame the only Catholic college or university that doesn't
have a core set of texts! And Notre Dame proposes to be the leader
of Catholic universities. Which way?
William D. Hohmann '58
Tucson, Arizona
I read with interest the article on the demise of the sophomore
core courses. Almost a fossil, I took the previous "book of the
week" course, the old junior level collegiate seminar under an
infuriating fellow named Daniel Koob, even complained to a dean
about the demands. Hated the required aggravations until about
midyear, when I discovered I was breathing outside the womb--and
wanted to be there! The classical analogy is Plato''s myth of
the cave. Basically, I had learned to read - not just the text
at hand, but all texts, incorporating both intellect and a value
base.
Research, ladies and gentlemen, is mostly fine and well, though
certainly it can easily enough become an absurd little game. Give
and take--while wrestling with lasting materials and vital issues--is
all that separates education from trade school. All the research
in all the schools ever convened matters such a shallow swallow
compared to the deep currents that should never be left for ""experts""
to expose. We have authorities too many, not enough thinkers.
I could always tell Koob what I thought, but I had to back it
up.
Richard Mendola ''74
What is one to make of the egotism, narrowness, and irresponsibility
of the parvenu faculty who have chucked the Western Civilization
seminar from the curriculum? There is a distraction in the psyche,
a failure to grow up, coincident with the university's vulgar
"rise" to "greatness."
Joseph F. Ryan '59
Yarmouthport, Massachusetts
On Deaths in the Family
The Spring issue was particularly good, especially the article
"Soul of the University." The touching comments of the author
with his ill son were truly full of emotion and grace. I wish
to comment on the recent obits of various long time faculty and
alums. These men, whose lives were so rich, full, and positive
for Notre Dame, deserved at least a current or recent picture
along with the texts. Where you highlight such men, their picture,
formal or informal, would be greatly appreciated by we who love
and respect them. Also, on the "death" page with the listings
of recent dead - please title the page with "Eternal rest grant
to them, O Lord." Thank you for your service to Notre Dame.
Jim P. O'Shea '52
Sunnyside, New York
Festival choice
This is just wrong. The university is not required to sponsor
such an event as the Queer Film Festival. Notre Dame, its departments,
Gender Studies Program, English, anthropology and film, television
and theater, do not need to sponsor a FESTIVAL for immoral behavior.
Promoting homosexuality with an officially sponsored Notre Dame
Queer Film Festival is amazingly unintelligent. Doe anyone at
the university think anymore? Sin will prosper without the Catholic
Church nor Notre Dame's sponsorship. Last I heard the church,
including Notre Dame, was supposed to help sinners, not encourage
their immoral behavior.
I am but a minuscule contributor, but Notre Dame will have to
do without my sponsorship until she officially stops her sponsorship
of this event. In case anyone asks what to do with the hole created
in the Festival schedule, don't replace it with pornography, adultery,
fornication or even masturbation film festivals, all but the last
will be glorified by Hollywood in multiple films that will be
commercial successes, and none need Notre Dame's sponsorship.
I admit it will be hard to find a topic where the church's mission
and the film industry's mission aren't in some conflict, but please
do better than this. I also believe the university owes a public
apology (to all the victims and families of homosexual, pedophile
Catholic priests) for having been so incredibly stupid and insensitive
to have sponsored this event.
Gary F. Hellrung '69
West Palm Beach, Florida
(July 2004)
